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Self-supervised pre-training of a speech foundation model, followed by supervised fine-tuning, has shown impressive quality improvements on automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks. Fine-tuning separate foundation models for many downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Zhouyuan Huo , Khe Chai Sim , Bo Li , Dongseong Hwang , Tara N. Sainath , Trevor Strohman

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are often optimized to work best for speakers with canonical speech patterns. Unfortunately, these systems perform poorly when tested on atypical speech and heavily accented speech. It has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Katrin Tomanek , Vicky Zayats , Dirk Padfield , Kara Vaillancourt , Fadi Biadsy

Self-supervised learning models have revolutionized the field of speech processing. However, the process of fine-tuning these models on downstream tasks requires substantial computational resources, particularly when dealing with multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Varsha Suresh , Salah Aït-Mokhtar , Caroline Brun , Ioan Calapodescu

With the advent of the era of foundation models, pre-training and fine-tuning have become common paradigms. Recently, parameter-efficient fine-tuning has garnered widespread attention due to its better balance between the number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Bin Cheng , Jiaxuan Lu

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models on downstream tasks has become an important paradigm in NLP. However, common practice fine-tunes all of the parameters in a pre-trained model, which becomes prohibitive when a large number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Qingru Zhang , Minshuo Chen , Alexander Bukharin , Nikos Karampatziakis , Pengcheng He , Yu Cheng , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) have become essential for deploying large language models, yet their static parameter allocation remains suboptimal for inputs of varying complexity. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zongqian Li , Yixuan Su , Han Zhou , Zihao Fu , Nigel Collier

Transformer-based pre-trained models with millions of parameters require large storage. Recent approaches tackle this shortcoming by training adapters, but these approaches still require a relatively large number of parameters. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chin-Lun Fu , Zih-Ching Chen , Yun-Ru Lee , Hung-yi Lee

Parameter-efficient tuning aims at updating only a small subset of parameters when adapting a pretrained model to downstream tasks. In this work, we introduce PASTA, in which we only modify the special token representations (e.g., [SEP] and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Xiaocong Yang , James Y. Huang , Wenxuan Zhou , Muhao Chen

The Outstanding performance and growing size of Large Language Models has led to increased attention in parameter efficient learning. The two predominant approaches are Adapters and Pruning. Adapters are to freeze the model and give it a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Guorun Wang , Jun Yang , Yaoru Sun

Conventional fine-tuning encounters increasing difficulties given the size of current Pre-trained Language Models, which makes parameter-efficient tuning become the focal point of frontier research. Previous methods in this field add…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Wang Qi , Yu-Ping Ruan , Yuan Zuo , Taihao Li

Fine-tuning Pre-trained protein language models (PLMs) has emerged as a prominent strategy for enhancing downstream prediction tasks, often outperforming traditional supervised learning approaches. As a widely applied powerful technique in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yang Tan , Mingchen Li , Bingxin Zhou , Bozitao Zhong , Lirong Zheng , Pan Tan , Ziyi Zhou , Huiqun Yu , Guisheng Fan , Liang Hong

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning aims to achieve performance comparable to fine-tuning, using fewer trainable parameters. Several strategies (e.g., Adapters, prefix tuning, BitFit, and LoRA) have been proposed. However, their designs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Jiaao Chen , Aston Zhang , Xingjian Shi , Mu Li , Alex Smola , Diyi Yang

Fine-tuning pre-trained models has been ubiquitously proven to be effective in a wide range of NLP tasks. However, fine-tuning the whole model is parameter inefficient as it always yields an entirely new model for each task. Currently, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Zihao Fu , Haoran Yang , Anthony Man-Cho So , Wai Lam , Lidong Bing , Nigel Collier

The parameters of a neural network are naturally organized in groups, some of which might not contribute to its overall performance. To prune out unimportant groups of parameters, we can include some non-differentiable penalty to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio

Computational efficiency has remained a critical consideration in scaling high-capacity language models, with inference latency and resource consumption presenting significant constraints on real-time applications. The study has introduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Michael Mangrum , Jonathan Pemberton , Benedict Wetherby , Philip Montague

Large pre-trained speech models are widely used as the de-facto paradigm, especially in scenarios when there is a limited amount of labeled data available. However, finetuning all parameters from the self-supervised learned model can be…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-16 Nanxin Chen , Izhak Shafran , Yu Zhang , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Hagen Soltau , James Qin , Yonghui Wu

Different languages have distinct phonetic systems and vary in their prosodic features making it challenging to develop a Text-to-Speech (TTS) model that can effectively synthesise speech in multilingual settings. Furthermore, TTS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Yingting Li , Ambuj Mehrish , Bryan Chew , Bo Cheng , Soujanya Poria

Transformer-based large-scale pre-trained models achieve great success. Fine-tuning is the standard practice for leveraging these models in downstream tasks. Among the fine-tuning methods, adapter-tuning provides a parameter-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Hyegang Son , Yonglak Son , Changhoon Kim , Young Geun Kim

The widespread utilization of language models in modern applications is inconceivable without Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning techniques, such as low-rank adaptation ($\texttt{LoRA}$), which adds trainable adapters to selected layers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Andrey Veprikov , Vladimir Solodkin , Alexander Zyl , Andrey Savchenko , Aleksandr Beznosikov

State-of-the-art neural (re)rankers are notoriously data-hungry which -- given the lack of large-scale training data in languages other than English -- makes them rarely used in multilingual and cross-lingual retrieval settings. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Robert Litschko , Ivan Vulić , Goran Glavaš