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Autoregressive language models (LMs) generate one token at a time, yet human reasoning operates over higher-level abstractions - sentences, propositions, and concepts. This contrast raises a central question- Can LMs likewise learn to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Hyeonbin Hwang , Byeongguk Jeon , Seungone Kim , Jiyeon Kim , Hoyeon Chang , Sohee Yang , Seungpil Won , Dohaeng Lee , Youbin Ahn , Minjoon Seo

Modern Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) typically operate in low-level Variational Autoencoder (VAE) latent spaces that are primarily optimized for pixel-level reconstruction. To unify vision generation and understanding, a burgeoning trend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Shilong Zhang , He Zhang , Zhifei Zhang , Chongjian Ge , Shuchen Xue , Shaoteng Liu , Mengwei Ren , Soo Ye Kim , Yuqian Zhou , Qing Liu , Daniil Pakhomov , Kai Zhang , Zhe Lin , Ping Luo

We introduce a new unsupervised text embedding method, Meta-Task Prompting with Explicit One-Word Limitation (MetaEOL), for generating high-quality sentence embeddings from Large Language Models (LLMs) without the need for model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yibin Lei , Di Wu , Tianyi Zhou , Tao Shen , Yu Cao , Chongyang Tao , Andrew Yates

The significant advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generative tasks have led to a growing body of work exploring LLM-based embedding models. While these models, employing different pooling and attention strategies, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang

Cross-lingual transfer learning is an important property of multilingual large language models (LLMs). But how do LLMs represent relationships between languages? Every language model has an input layer that maps tokens to vectors. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Andrea W Wen-Yi , David Mimno

Massively multilingual sentence representation models, e.g., LASER, SBERT-distill, and LaBSE, help significantly improve cross-lingual downstream tasks. However, the use of a large amount of data or inefficient model architectures results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zhuoyuan Mao , Chenhui Chu , Sadao Kurohashi

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a groundbreaking technology and their unparalleled text generation capabilities have sparked interest in their application to the fundamental sentence representation learning task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Huiming Wang , Zhaodonghui Li , Liying Cheng , Soh De Wen , Lidong Bing

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks tend to suffer from a paucity of suitably annotated training data, hence the recent success of transfer learning across a wide variety of them. The typical recipe involves: (i) training a deep,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Lyan Verwimp , Jerome R. Bellegarda

In Machine Translation, Large Language Models (LLMs) have generally underperformed compared to conventional encoder-decoder systems and thus see limited adoption. However, LLMs excel at modeling contextual information, making them a natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ireh Kim , Tesia Sker , Chanwoo Kim

With the booming of Large Language Models (LLMs), prompt-learning has become a promising method mainly researched in various research areas. Recently, many attempts based on prompt-learning have been made to improve the performance of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Chun Liu , Hongguang Zhang , Kainan Zhao , Xinghai Ju , Lin Yang

Pre-training decoder-only language models relies on vast amounts of high-quality data, yet the availability of such data is increasingly reaching its limits. While metadata is commonly used to create and curate these datasets, its potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sebastian Sztwiertnia , Felix Friedrich , Kristian Kersting , Patrick Schramowski , Björn Deiseroth

Large language models (LLMs) with decoder-only architectures demonstrate remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities. This feature enables them to effectively handle both familiar and novel tasks by utilizing examples provided within…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Chaofan Li , MingHao Qin , Shitao Xiao , Jianlyu Chen , Kun Luo , Yingxia Shao , Defu Lian , Zheng Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are typically developed through large-scale pre-training followed by task-specific fine-tuning. Recent advances highlight the importance of an intermediate mid-training stage, where models undergo multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kaixiang Mo , Yuxin Shi , Weiwei Weng , Zhiqiang Zhou , Shuman Liu , Haibo Zhang , Anxiang Zeng

This research introduces a transformative framework for integrating Vision-Enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced transformer-based architectures to tackle challenges in high-resolution image synthesis and multimodal data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Karthikeya KV

Recent work has explored integrating autoregressive language models with energy-based models (EBMs) to enhance text generation capabilities. However, learning effective EBMs for text is challenged by the discrete nature of language. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Xuwang Yin

Text embeddings are vital for tasks such as text retrieval and semantic textual similarity (STS). Recently, the advent of pretrained language models, along with unified benchmarks like the Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB), has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Mingxin Li , Zhijie Nie , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Richong Zhang , Pengjun Xie

Transformer has demonstrated its great power to learn contextual word representations for multiple languages in a single model. To process multilingual sentences in the model, a learnable vector is usually assigned to each language, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Shengjie Luo , Kaiyuan Gao , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Di He , Liwei Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

Recent multimodal embedding approaches leveraging multimodal large language models (MLLMs) fine-tuned with contrastive learning (CL) have shown promising results, yet the underlying reasons behind their superiority remain underexplored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Chenghao Xiao , Hou Pong Chan , Hao Zhang , Weiwen Xu , Mahani Aljunied , Yu Rong

Despite their remarkable natural language understanding capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been underutilized for retrieval tasks. We present Search-R3, a novel framework that addresses this limitation by adapting LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuntao Gui , James Cheng

Decoder-only LLM-based embedding models are beginning to outperform BERT or T5-based embedding models in general-purpose text embedding tasks, including dense vector-based retrieval. In this work, we introduce NV-Embed, incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chankyu Lee , Rajarshi Roy , Mengyao Xu , Jonathan Raiman , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro , Wei Ping