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Emerging communication and cryptography applications call for reliable, fast, unpredictable random number generators. Quantum random number generation (QRNG) allows for the creation of truly unpredictable numbers thanks to the inherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Cedric Bruynsteen , Tobias Gehring , Cosmo Lupo , Johan Bauwelinck , Xin Yin

Recent work suggests that a type of nudge or priming technique called the presentation effect may potentially improve the security of PassPoints-style graphical passwords. These nudges attempt to prime or non-intrusively bias user password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Zach Parish , Amirali Salehi-Abari , Julie Thorpe

Random numbers are essential for our modern information based society e.g. in cryptography. Unlike frequently used pseudo-random generators, physical random number generators do not depend on complex algorithms but rather on a physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Mario Stipčević , Rupert Ursin

Generative AI technologies, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), are rapidly being adopted across industry, academia, and government sectors, owing to their remarkable capabilities in natural language processing. However, despite…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Vivek Vaidya , Aditya Patwardhan , Ashish Kundu

Machine learning relies on randomness as a fundamental component in various steps such as data sampling, data augmentation, weight initialization, and optimization. Most machine learning frameworks use pseudorandom number generators as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Kotekar Annapoorna Prabhu , Andrew Gan , Zahra Ghodsi

Generative linguistic steganography mainly utilized language models and applied steganographic sampling (stegosampling) to generate high-security steganographic text (stegotext). However, previous methods generally lead to statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Siyu Zhang , Zhongliang Yang , Jinshuai Yang , Yongfeng Huang

Unique key generation is essential for encryption purposes between Internet of Things (IoT) devices. To produce a unique key for this encryption, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) might be employed. Also, the Random Number Generator…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Md Ishtyaq Mahmud , Ahmed Abdelgawad , Venkata P. Yanambaka

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by conditioning outputs on external knowledge sources. However, when retrieval involves private or sensitive data, RAG systems are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Haoran Wang , Xiongxiao Xu , Baixiang Huang , Kai Shu

Cybersecurity is a crucial step in data protection to ensure user security and personal data privacy. In this sense, many companies have started to control and restrict access to their data using authentication systems. However, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Idoia Eizaguirre-Peral , Lander Segurola-Gil , Francesco Zola

Secure random numbers are a fundamental element of many applications in science, statistics, cryptography and more in general in security protocols. We present a method that enables the generation of high-speed unpredictable random numbers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-15 Davide G. Marangon , Giuseppe Vallone , Paolo Villoresi

Password security has been compelled to evolve in response to the growing computational capabilities of modern systems. However, this evolution has often resulted in increasingly complex security practices that alienate users, leading to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Tonmoy Ghosh

In recent years, due to the trend in globalization, system integrators have had to deal with integrated circuit (IC)/intellectual property (IP) counterfeiting more than ever. These counterfeit hardware issues counterfeit hardware that have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Fatemeh Tehranipoor

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models (LLMs) still generate vulnerable code. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has the potential to enhance LLMs for secure code generation by incorporating external security knowledge. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiahao Shi , Tianyi Zhang

Random numbers are an essential resource to many applications, including cryptography and Monte Carlo simulations. Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) represent the ultimate source of randomness, as the numbers are obtained by sampling…

Password guessers are instrumental for assessing the strength of passwords. Despite their diversity and abundance, little is known about how different guessers compare to each other. We perform in-depth analyses and comparisons of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Zach Parish , Connor Cushing , Shourya Aggarwal , Amirali Salehi-Abari , Julie Thorpe

Cloud computing is drastically growing technology which provides an on-demand software, hardware, infrastructure and data storage as services. This technology is used worldwide to improve the business infrastructure and performance.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-07-17 Dinesha H. A. , V. K. Agrawa

Passwords are a fragile, inadequate, and insecure tool for authenticating users, and are especially fraught with problems when used to secure access to network resources and services. In many cases, passwords provide a false sense of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-09-06 Travis Z. Suel

Preservation of information and computer security is broadly dependent on the secured authentication system which is underpinned by password. Text based password is a commonly used and available system for authentication. But it bears many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Sanjida Akter Sharna , Sheikh Ashraf Ali

Password users frequently employ passwords that are too simple, or they just reuse passwords for multiple websites. A common complaint is that utilizing secure passwords is too difficult. One possible solution to this problem is to use a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Elan Rosenfeld , Santosh Vempala , Manuel Blum

Randomness supports many critical functions in the field of machine learning (ML) including optimisation, data selection, privacy, and security. ML systems outsource the task of generating or harvesting randomness to the compiler, the cloud…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Pranav Dahiya , Ilia Shumailov , Ross Anderson