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Although artificial intelligence (AI) is solving real-world challenges and transforming industries, there are serious concerns about its ability to behave and make decisions in a responsible way. Many AI ethics principles and guidelines for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Jon Whittle , David Douglas , Conrad Sanderson

The problem of writing a specification which accurately reflects the intent of the developer has long been recognized as fundamental. We propose a method and a supporting tool to write and check a specification and an implementation using a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-05-20 Paul C Attie , Fadi A Zaraket , Mohammad Fawaz , Mohammad Noureddine

This paper presents a conceptual and operational framework for developing and operating safe and trustworthy AI agents based on a Three-Pillar Model grounded in transparency, accountability, and trustworthiness. Building on prior work in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Edward C. Cheng , Jeshua Cheng , Alice Siu

New capabilities in foundation models are owed in large part to massive, widely-sourced, and under-documented training data collections. Existing practices in data collection have led to challenges in tracing authenticity, verifying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Shayne Longpre , Robert Mahari , Naana Obeng-Marnu , William Brannon , Tobin South , Katy Gero , Sandy Pentland , Jad Kabbara

As autonomous agents become increasingly sophisticated, validating their sequential behavior presents a significant challenge. Traditional testing approaches require manual specification, exact sequence matching, or thousands of training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Reshabh K Sharma , Gaurav Mittal , Yu Hu

As language models are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents in high-stakes settings, ensuring that they reliably follow user-defined rules has become a critical safety concern. To this end, we study whether language models exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Dylan Sam , Alexander Robey , Andy Zou , Matt Fredrikson , J. Zico Kolter

Despite widespread deployment of Large Language Models, systematic evaluation of instruction-following capabilities remains challenging. While comprehensive benchmarks exist, focused assessments that quickly diagnose specific instruction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Richard J. Young , Brandon Gillins , Alice M. Matthews

The validation of design pattern implementations to identify pattern violations has gained more relevance as part of re-engineering processes in order to preserve, extend, reuse software projects in rapid development environments. If design…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Tamer Abdelaziz , Aya Sedky , Bruno Rossi , Mostafa-Sami M. Mostafa

The rapid proliferation of benchmarks has created significant challenges in reproducibility, transparency, and informed decision-making. However, unlike datasets and models -- which benefit from structured documentation frameworks like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Florian Bordes , Candace Ross , Justine T Kao , Evangelia Spiliopoulou , Adina Williams

Context: Over the last decade, software researchers and engineers have developed a vast body of methodologies and technologies in requirements engineering for self-adaptive systems. Although existing studies have explored various aspects of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-06-29 Zhuoqun Yang , Zhi Li , Zhi Jin , He Zhang

The instruction hierarchy, which establishes a priority order from system messages to user messages, conversation history, and tool outputs, is essential for ensuring consistent and safe behavior in language models (LMs). Despite its…

With the recent release of AI interaction guidelines from Apple, Google, and Microsoft, there is clearly interest in understanding the best practices in human-AI interaction. However, industry standards are not determined by a single…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Austin P. Wright , Zijie J. Wang , Haekyu Park , Grace Guo , Fabian Sperrle , Mennatallah El-Assady , Alex Endert , Daniel Keim , Duen Horng Chau

Purpose: The governance of artificial iintelligence (AI) systems requires a structured approach that connects high-level regulatory principles with practical implementation. Existing frameworks lack clarity on how regulations translate into…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Avinash Agarwal , Manisha J. Nene

Generative AI models ought to be useful and safe across cross-cultural contexts. One critical step toward this goal is understanding how AI models adhere to sociocultural norms. While this challenge has gained attention in NLP, existing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Myra Cheng , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Alice Oh , Hayk Stepanyan , Aishwarya Verma , Charu Kalia , Erin MacMurray van Liemt , Sunipa Dev

Before deploying outputs from foundation models in high-stakes tasks, it is imperative to ensure that they align with human values. For instance, in radiology report generation, reports generated by a vision-language model must align with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-06 Yu Gui , Ying Jin , Zhimei Ren

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly power decision-making systems across critical domains, understanding and mitigating their biases becomes essential for responsible AI deployment. Although bias assessment frameworks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Divyanshu Kumar , Ishita Gupta , Nitin Aravind Birur , Tanay Baswa , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

Demand for mental health support through AI chatbots is surging, though current systems present several limitations, like sycophancy or overvalidation, and reinforcement of maladaptive beliefs. A core obstacle to the creation of better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 José Pombal , Maya D'Eon , Nuno M. Guerreiro , Pedro Henrique Martins , António Farinhas , Ricardo Rei

The performance of AI models on safety benchmarks does not indicate their real-world performance after deployment. This opaqueness of AI models impedes existing regulatory frameworks constituted on benchmark performance, leaving them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Gabriel Stanovsky , Renana Keydar , Gadi Perl , Eliya Habba

In the ever-expanding landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI), where innovation thrives and new products and services are continuously being delivered, ensuring that AI systems are designed and developed responsibly throughout their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Domenico Gigante , Marcos Kalinowski , Azzurra Ragone

Understanding the behaviour of a system's API can be hard. Giving users access to relevant examples of how an API behaves has been shown to make this easier for them. In addition, such examples can be used to verify expected behaviour or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Stefan Karlsson , John Hughes , Robbert Jongeling , Adnan Causevic , Daniel Sundmark