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With the breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs), query generation techniques that expand documents and queries with related terms are becoming increasingly popular in the information retrieval field. Such techniques have been shown…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Adam Yang , Gustavo Penha , Enrico Palumbo , Hugues Bouchard

Effective query expansion for web search benefits from promoting both exploration and result diversity to capture multiple interpretations and facets of a query. While recent LLM-based methods have improved retrieval performance and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yibin Lei , Tao Shen , Andrew Yates

This study proposes a new way of using WordNet for Query Expansion (QE). We choose candidate expansion terms, as usual, from a set of pseudo relevant documents; however, the usefulness of these terms is measured based on their definitions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-09-20 Dipasree Pal , Mandar Mitra , Kalyankumar Datta

Recent studies demonstrate that query expansions generated by large language models (LLMs) can considerably enhance information retrieval systems by generating hypothetical documents that answer the queries as expansions. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Yibin Lei , Yu Cao , Tianyi Zhou , Tao Shen , Andrew Yates

Query expansion has been employed for a long time to improve the accuracy of query retrievers. Earlier works relied on pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) techniques, which augment a query with terms extracted from documents retrieved in a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Muhammad Shihab Rashid , Jannat Ara Meem , Yue Dong , Vagelis Hristidis

Modern information retrieval must reconcile short, ambiguous queries with increasingly diverse and dynamic corpora. Query expansion (QE) remains a core technique for mitigating vocabulary mismatch, but its design space has been reshaped by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Minghan Li , Xinxuan Lv , Junjie Zou , Tongna Chen , Chao Zhang , Suchao An , Ercong Nie , Guodong Zhou

Query expansion (QE) enhances retrieval by incorporating relevant terms, with large language models (LLMs) offering an effective alternative to traditional rule-based and statistical methods. However, LLM-based QE suffers from a fundamental…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kenya Abe , Kunihiro Takeoka , Makoto P. Kato , Masafumi Oyamada

Query Expansion (QE) enriches queries and Document Expansion (DE) enriches documents, and these two techniques are often applied separately. However, such separate application may lead to semantic misalignment between the expanded queries…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yu Yang , Feng Tian , Ping Chen

We investigate the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into query encoders to improve dense retrieval without increasing latency and cost, by circumventing the dependency on LLMs at inference time. SoftQE incorporates knowledge from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Varad Pimpalkhute , John Heyer , Xusen Yin , Sameer Gupta

Query expansion aims to mitigate the mismatch between the language used in a query and in a document. However, query expansion methods can suffer from introducing non-relevant information when expanding the query. To bridge this gap,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Zhi Zheng , Kai Hui , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Andrew Yates

In recent years, the use of large language models (LLMs) for text classification has attracted widespread attention. Despite this, the classification accuracy of LLMs has not yet universally surpassed that of smaller models. LLMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Min Zeng , Caiquan Liu , Shiqi Zhang , Li Xie , Chen Sang , Xiaoxin Chen

Query expansion is a widely used technique to improve the recall of search systems. In this paper, we propose an approach to query expansion that leverages the generative abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Unlike traditional query…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Rolf Jagerman , Honglei Zhuang , Zhen Qin , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to a surge of interest in query augmentation for information retrieval (IR). Two main approaches have emerged. The first prompts LLMs to generate answers or pseudo-documents that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhichao Xu , Shengyao Zhuang , Xueguang Ma , Bingsen Chen , Yijun Tian , Fengran Mo , Jie Cao , Vivek Srikumar

With the ever increasing size of the web, relevant information extraction on the Internet with a query formed by a few keywords has become a big challenge. Query Expansion (QE) plays a crucial role in improving searches on the Internet.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Hiteshwar Kumar Azad , Akshay Deepak

In search engines, query expansion (QE) is a crucial technique to improve search experience. Previous studies often rely on long-term search log mining, which leads to slow updates and is sub-optimal for time-sensitive news searches. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Yanan Zhang , Weijie Cui , Yangfan Zhang , Xiaoling Bai , Zhe Zhang , Jin Ma , Xiang Chen , Tianhua Zhou

Query expansion is an effective approach for mitigating vocabulary mismatch between queries and documents in information retrieval. One recent line of research uses language models to generate query-related contexts for expansion. Along…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Linqing Liu , Minghan Li , Jimmy Lin , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp

The vocabulary mismatch problem is one of the important challenges facing traditional keyword-based Information Retrieval Systems. The aim of query expansion (QE) is to reduce this query-document mismatch by adding related or synonymous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Dipasree Pal , Mandar Mitra , Samar Bhattacharya

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in advancing natural language processing but often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to inefficient attention distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased computed tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Query expansion (QE) is a well-known technique used to enhance the effectiveness of information retrieval. QE reformulates the initial query by adding similar terms that help in retrieving more relevant results. Several approaches have been…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Hiteshwar Kumar Azad , Akshay Deepak

Query rewriting plays a vital role in enhancing conversational search by transforming context-dependent user queries into standalone forms. Existing approaches primarily leverage human-rewritten queries as labels to train query rewriting…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Fanghua Ye , Meng Fang , Shenghui Li , Emine Yilmaz
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