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We introduce LexBench, a comprehensive evaluation suite enabled to test language models (LMs) on ten semantic phrase processing tasks. Unlike prior studies, it is the first work to propose a framework from the comparative perspective to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yang Liu , Melissa Xiaohui Qin , Hongming Li , Chao Huang

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs), which couple acoustic perception with large language models (LLMs) to extract and understand diverse information from audio, have attracted intense interest from both academic and industrial communities.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bohan Li , Wenbin Huang , Yuhang Qiu , Yiwei Guo , Hankun Wang , Zhihan Li , Jing Peng , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Multimodal signals, including text, audio, image, and video, can be integrated into Semantic Communication (SC) systems to provide an immersive experience with low latency and high quality at the semantic level. However, the multimodal SC…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Feibo Jiang , Li Dong , Yubo Peng , Kezhi Wang , Kun Yang , Cunhua Pan , Xiaohu You

The purpose of speech tokenization is to transform a speech signal into a sequence of discrete representations, serving as the foundation for speech language models (SLMs). While speech tokenization has many options, their effect on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shunsuke Kando , Yusuke Miyao , Shinnosuke Takamichi

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

Audio agents extend large audio-language models (LALMs) by decomposing audio questions into tool calls, intermediate evidence, and iterative reasoning steps. However, as LALMs become stronger, the key challenge shifts from enabling tool use…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Yucheng Wang , Jing Peng , Hanqi Li , Chenghao Wang , Wenming Tu , Yu Xi , Zhaokai Sun , Kai Yu , Shuai Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in general spatial understanding and reasoning. However, their fine-grained spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities in complex urban scenarios have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jun Zhang , Jie Feng , Long Chen , Junhui Wang , Zhicheng Liu , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

Counting is a core capability for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet there is no unified counting dataset to rigorously evaluate this ability across image, text, and audio. We present UNICBench, a unified multimodal, multi level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenggang Rong , Tao Han , Zhiyuan Zhao , Yaowu Fan , Jia Wan , Song Guo , Yuan Yuan , Junyu Gao

Autonomous AI research agents aim to accelerate scientific discovery by automating the research pipeline, from hypothesis generation to peer review. However, existing benchmarks rarely test a fundamental bottleneck: whether Large Language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sy-Tuyen Ho , Minghui Liu , Huy Nghiem , Furong Huang

This paper offers a precise, formal definition of an audio-to-score alignment. While the concept of an alignment is intuitively grasped, this precision affords us new insight into the evaluation of audio-to-score alignment algorithms.…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-01 John Thickstun , Jennifer Brennan , Harsh Verma

Neural audio codecs, leveraging quantization algorithms, have significantly impacted various speech/audio tasks. While high-fidelity reconstruction is paramount for human perception, audio coding for machines (ACoM) prioritizes efficient…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Anastasia Kuznetsova , Inseon Jang , Wootaek Lim , Minje Kim

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit impressive multi-modal capabilities but suffer from prohibitive computational and memory demands, due to their long visual token sequences and massive parameter sizes. To address these issues,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chengtao Lv , Bilang Zhang , Yang Yong , Ruihao Gong , Yushi Huang , Shiqiao Gu , Jiajun Wu , Yumeng Shi , Jinyang Guo , Wenya Wang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance and gain widespread use, establishing systematic and reliable evaluation methodologies for LLMs and vision-language models (VLMs) has become essential to ensure their real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jie Feng , Jun Zhang , Tianhui Liu , Xin Zhang , Tianjian Ouyang , Junbo Yan , Yuwei Du , Siqi Guo , Yong Li

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs), particularly in their reasoning capabilities, hold transformative potential for addressing complex challenges and boosting scientific discovery in atmospheric science. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chenyue Li , Wen Deng , Mengqian Lu , Binhang Yuan

Neural audio codecs are widely used for audio compression and can be integrated into token-based language models. Traditional codecs preserve acoustic details well but lack semantic information. Recent hybrid codecs attempt to incorporate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Kaiyuan Zhang , Mohan Shi , Eray Eren , Natarajan Balaji Shankar , Zilai Wang , Abeer Alwan

Words have been represented in a high-dimensional vector space that encodes their semantic similarities, enabling downstream applications such as retrieving synonyms, antonyms, and relevant contexts. However, despite recent advances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Genta Indra Winata , Ruochen Zhang , David Ifeoluwa Adelani

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), building upon the foundation of powerful large language models (LLMs), have recently demonstrated exceptional capabilities in generating not only texts but also images given interleaved multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Bohao Li , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Guangzhi Wang , Rui Wang , Ruimao Zhang , Ying Shan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for automating complex reasoning and decision-making tasks. In telecommunications, they hold the potential to transform network optimization, automate troubleshooting, enhance…

Spoken language models (SLMs) typically discretize speech into high-frame-rate tokens extracted from SSL speech models. As the most successful LMs are based on the Transformer architecture, processing these long token streams with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Nicholas Lee , Cheol Jun Cho , Alan W Black , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in many vision-language tasks, yet their capabilities in fine-grained visual understanding remain insufficiently evaluated. Existing benchmarks either contain limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Fengbin Zhu , Ziyang Liu , Xiang Yao Ng , Haohui Wu , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Chao Wang , Huanbo Luan , Tat Seng Chua