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Related papers: DCPO: Dynamic Clipping Policy Optimization

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Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a promising policy-based approach for Large Language Model alignment, yet its performance is often limited by training instability and suboptimal convergence. In this paper, we identify and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Marco Simoni , Aleksandar Fontana , Giulio Rossolini , Andrea Saracino , Paolo Mori

Reinforcement learning has become central to post-training large language models, yet dominant algorithms rely on clipping mechanisms that introduce optimization issues at scale, including zero-gradient regions, reward hacking, and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ömer Veysel Çağatan , Barış Akgün , Gözde Gül Şahin , Xuandong Zhao

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) effectively scales LLM reasoning but incurs prohibitive computational costs due to its extensive group-based sampling requirement. While recent selective data utilization methods can mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haodong Zhu , Yangyang Ren , Yanjing Li , Mingbao Lin , Linlin Yang , Xuhui Liu , Xiantong Zhen , Haiguang Liu , Baochang Zhang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) was introduced and used recently for promoting reasoning in LLMs under verifiable (binary) rewards. We show that the mean + variance calibration of these rewards induces a weighted contrastive loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Youssef Mroueh

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has achieved substantial gains in single-attempt accuracy (Pass@1) on reasoning tasks, yet often suffers from reduced multi-sample coverage (Pass@K), indicating diversity collapse. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Anamika Lochab , Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning performance, with reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) emerging as a standard paradigm for post-training. A representative algorithm, group relative policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuheng Zhang , Wenlin Yao , Changlong Yu , Yao Liu , Qingyu Yin , Bing Yin , Hyokun Yun , Lihong Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown strong performance in LLM post-training, but real-world deployment often involves noisy or incomplete supervision. In such settings, complex and unreliable supervision signals can destabilize training…

Reinforcement learning (RL) with group relative policy optimization (GRPO) has become a widely adopted approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While GRPO enables long-chain reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haowen Gao , Zhenyu Zhang , Liang Pang , Fangda Guo , Hongjian Dou , Guannan Lv , Shaoguo Liu , Tingting Gao , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and safety constraints is challenging, especially when objectives like helpfulness, truthfulness, and avoidance of harm conflict. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Xuying Li , Zhuo Li , Yuji Kosuga , Victor Bian

On-policy reinforcement learning methods like GRPO suffer from mode collapse: they exhibit reduced solution diversity, concentrating probability mass on a single solution once discovered and ceasing exploration of alternative strategies. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xiaozhe Li , Yang Li , Xinyu Fang , Shengyuan Ding , Peiji Li , Yongkang Chen , Yichuan Ma , Tianyi Lyu , Linyang Li , Dahua Lin , Qipeng Guo , Qingwen Liu , Kai Chen

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) shows promise in training tool-use Large Language Models (LLMs) using verifiable outcome rewards, existing methods largely overlook the potential of reasoning rewards based on chain-of-thought quality for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zihan Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Hexiong Yang , Jiajun Chai , Jie Cao , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Ran He

RLVR has become a widely adopted paradigm for improving LLMs' reasoning capabilities, and GRPO is one of its most representative algorithms. In this paper, we first show that GRPO admits an equivalent discriminative reformulation as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Feng Zhang , Xinhong Ma , Ziqiang Dong , Xi Leng , Jianfei Zhao , Xin Sun , Yang Yang , Guanjun Jiang

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for reasoning in language models, with GRPO as its primary example. However, GRPO requires continuous online rollout generation, making it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Richa Verma , Balaraman Ravindran

Group-advantage-based reinforcement learning methods, such as GRPO and DAPO, have demonstrated strong performance across diverse domains, including mathematical reasoning and text-to-image generation. However, their reliance on sample-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shufan Li , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Akash Gokul Yusuke Kato , Kazuki Kozuka , Aditya Grover

This paper introduces two novel modifications to the Dynamic sAmpling Policy Optimization (DAPO) algorithm [1], approached from a mixed-policy perspective. Standard policy gradient methods can suffer from instability and sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Hongze Tan , Yuchen Li

Reinforcement learning has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex problem-solving tasks. Recently, the introduction of DeepSeek R1 has inspired a surge of interest in leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jinghang Han , Jiawei Chen , Hang Shao , Hao Ma , Mingcheng Li , Xintian Shen , Lihao Zheng , Wei Chen , Tao Wei , Lihua Zhang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become an effective paradigm for improving reasoning language models on tasks such as mathematics, coding, and scientific question answering. However, widely used group-relative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Redacted by arXiv

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning, particularly through Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have significantly improved multimodal large language models for complex reasoning tasks. However, two critical limitations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jisheng Dang , Jingze Wu , Teng Wang , Xuanhui Lin , Nannan Zhu , Hongbo Chen , Wei-Shi Zheng , Meng Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), primarily driven by the Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) algorithm, is a leading approach for enhancing the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Kangqi Ni , Zhen Tan , Zijie Liu , Pingzhi Li , Tianlong Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) enhances Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning but suffers from advantage collapse on ``hard samples'' where all rollouts fail. This lack of variance eliminates crucial learning signals.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xinyu Lu , Kaiqi Zhang , Jinglin Yang , Boxi Cao , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Min He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun