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Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have aimed to integrate and interpret data across diverse modalities. However, the capacity of these models to concurrently process and reason about multiple modalities remains…

Cross-view spatial reasoning is essential for embodied AI, underpinning spatial understanding, mental simulation and planning in complex environments. Existing benchmarks primarily emphasize indoor or street settings, overlooking the unique…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Haotian Xu , Yue Hu , Zhengqiu Zhu , Chen Gao , Ziyou Wang , Junreng Rao , Wenhao Lu , Weishi Li , Quanjun Yin , Yong Li

Recent breakthroughs in reasoning language models have significantly advanced text-based reasoning. On the other hand, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) still lag behind, hindered by their outdated internal LLMs. Upgrading these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Zhili Liu , Lanqing Hong , Xin Jin , Zhenguo Li , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

Understanding road scenes is essential for autonomous driving, as it enables systems to interpret visual surroundings to aid in effective decision-making. We present Roadscapes, a multitask multimodal dataset consisting of upto 9,000 images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Vijayasri Iyer , Maahin Rathinagiriswaran , Jyothikamalesh S

Spatial reasoning, the ability to understand and interpret the 3D structure of the world, is a critical yet underdeveloped capability in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Current methods predominantly rely on verbal descriptive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Meng Cao , Haokun Lin , Haoyuan Li , Haoran Tang , Rongtao Xu , Dong An , Xue Liu , Ian Reid , Xiaodan Liang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved remarkable success across various visual-language tasks. However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on single-image understanding, leaving the analysis of image sequences largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xiaochen Wang , Heming Xia , Jialin Song , Longyu Guan , Yixin Yang , Qingxiu Dong , Weiyao Luo , Yifan Pu , Yiru Wang , Xiangdi Meng , Wenjie Li , Zhifang Sui

2D image representations are in regular grids and can be processed efficiently, whereas 3D point clouds are unordered and scattered in 3D space. The information inside these two visual domains is well complementary, e.g., 2D images have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Wenbo Hu , Hengshuang Zhao , Li Jiang , Jiaya Jia , Tien-Tsin Wong

Cross-layer feature pyramid networks (CFPNs) have achieved notable progress in multi-scale feature fusion and boundary detail preservation for salient object detection. However, traditional CFPNs still suffer from two core limitations: (1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Jin Lian , Zhongyu Wan , Ming Gao , JunFeng Chen

Robot vision has greatly benefited from advancements in multimodal fusion techniques and vision-language models (VLMs). We adopt a task-oriented perspective to systematically review the applications and advancements of multimodal fusion…

Medical Image Grounding (MIG), which involves localizing specific regions in medical images based on textual descriptions, requires models to not only perceive regions but also deduce spatial relationships of these regions. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Huihui Xu , Yuanpeng Nie , Hualiang Wang , Ying Chen , Wei Li , Junzhi Ning , Lihao Liu , Hongqiu Wang , Lei Zhu , Jiyao Liu , Xiaomeng Li , Junjun He

Recent automotive vision work has focused almost exclusively on processing forward-facing cameras. However, future autonomous vehicles will not be viable without a more comprehensive surround sensing, akin to a human driver, as can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Grégoire Payen de La Garanderie , Amir Atapour Abarghouei , Toby P. Breckon

Inspired by human categorization, object property reasoning involves identifying and recognizing low-level details and higher-level abstractions. While current visual question answering (VQA) studies consider multiple object properties,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Abhishek Kolari , Mohammadhossein Khojasteh , Yifan Jiang , Floris den Hengst , Filip Ilievski

Large language models (LLMs) have become widely adopted as automated judges for evaluating AI-generated content. Despite their success, aligning LLM-based evaluations with human judgments remains challenging. While supervised fine-tuning on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Bo Pan , Xuan Kan , Kaitai Zhang , Yan Yan , Shunwen Tan , Zihao He , Zixin Ding , Junjie Wu , Liang Zhao

Building models that can be rapidly adapted to novel tasks using only a handful of annotated examples is an open challenge for multimodal machine learning research. We introduce Flamingo, a family of Visual Language Models (VLM) with this…

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, their application to specialized anomaly detection (AD) remains constrained by domain adaptation challenges. Existing Group Relative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jingyi Liao , Yongyi Su , Rong-Cheng Tu , Zhao Jin , Wenhao Sun , Yiting Li , Dacheng Tao , Xun Xu , Xulei Yang

Visual Commonsense Reasoning, which is regarded as one challenging task to pursue advanced visual scene comprehension, has been used to diagnose the reasoning ability of AI systems. However, reliable reasoning requires a good grasp of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Fan Yuan , Xiaoyuan Fang , Rong Quan , Jing Li , Wei Bi , Xiaogang Xu , Piji Li

To better understand scene images in the field of remote sensing, multi-label annotation of scene images is necessary. Moreover, to enhance the performance of deep learning models for dealing with semantic scene understanding tasks, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Xiaoman Qi , PanPan Zhu , Yuebin Wang , Liqiang Zhang , Junhuan Peng , Mengfan Wu , Jialong Chen , Xudong Zhao , Ning Zang , P. Takis Mathiopoulos

Geometric reasoning remains a core challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Even the most advanced closed-source systems, such as GPT-O3 and Gemini-2.5-Pro, still struggle to solve geometry problems reliably, despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yuying Li , Siyi Qian , Hao Liang , Leqi Zheng , Ruichuan An , Yongzhen Guo , Wentao Zhang

Despite advancements in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for scene understanding, their performance on complex spatial reasoning tasks requiring mental simulation remains significantly limited. Current methods often rely on passive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Meng Cao , Xingyu Li , Xue Liu , Ian Reid , Xiaodan Liang

The richness of natural images makes the quest for optimal representations in image processing and computer vision challenging. The latter observation has not prevented the design of image representations, which trade off between efficiency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2011-10-27 Laurent Jacques , Laurent Duval , Caroline Chaux , Gabriel Peyré