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The generation of safety-critical scenarios in simulation has become increasingly crucial for safety evaluation in autonomous vehicles prior to road deployment in society. However, current approaches largely rely on predefined threat…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangfan Liu , Yongkang Guo , Fangzhi Zhong , Tianyuan Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Achieving fully autonomous driving systems requires learning rational decisions in a wide span of scenarios, including safety-critical and out-of-distribution ones. However, such cases are underrepresented in real-world corpus collected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haochen Tian , Tianyu Li , Haochen Liu , Jiazhi Yang , Yihang Qiu , Guang Li , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Hangjun Ye , Tieniu Tan , Long Chen , Hongyang Li

Extracting interesting scenarios from real-world data as well as generating failure cases is important for the development and testing of autonomous systems. We propose efficient mechanisms to both characterize and generate testing…

This article summarizes the research progress of scenario-based testing and development technology for autonomous vehicles. We systematically analyzed previous research works and proposed the definition of scenario, the elements of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Xiaoyi Li

Safety is the primary priority of autonomous driving. Nevertheless, no published dataset currently supports the direct and explainable safety evaluation for autonomous driving. In this work, we propose DeepAccident, a large-scale dataset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Tianqi Wang , Sukmin Kim , Wenxuan Ji , Enze Xie , Chongjian Ge , Junsong Chen , Zhenguo Li , Ping Luo

Existing neural network-based autonomous systems are shown to be vulnerable against adversarial attacks, therefore sophisticated evaluation on their robustness is of great importance. However, evaluating the robustness only under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wenhao Ding , Baiming Chen , Bo Li , Kim Ji Eun , Ding Zhao

Autonomous driving faces critical challenges in rare long-tail events and complex multi-agent interactions, which are scarce in real-world data yet essential for robust safety validation. This paper presents a high-fidelity scenario…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuhang Wang , Heye Huang , Zhenhua Xu , Kailai Sun , Baoshen Guo , Jinhua Zhao

Testing Automated Driving Systems (ADS) in simulation with realistic driving scenarios is important for verifying their performance. However, converting real-world driving videos into simulation scenarios is a significant challenge due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yan Miao , Georgios Fainekos , Bardh Hoxha , Hideki Okamoto , Danil Prokhorov , Sayan Mitra

Autonomous driving and its widespread adoption have long held tremendous promise. Nevertheless, without a trustworthy and thorough testing procedure, not only does the industry struggle to mass-produce autonomous vehicles (AV), but neither…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Haoyi Niu , Kun Ren , Yizhou Xu , Ziyuan Yang , Yichen Lin , Yi Zhang , Jianming Hu

With the rapid development of automated vehicles (AVs) in recent years, commercially available AVs are increasingly demonstrating high-level automation capabilities. However, most existing AV safety evaluation methods are primarily designed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hang Zhou , Chengyuan Ma , Shiyu Shen , Zhaohui Liang , Xiaopeng Li

Generating realistic and controllable traffic scenes from natural language can greatly enhance the development and evaluation of autonomous driving systems. However, this task poses unique challenges: (1) grounding free-form text into…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Bo-Kai Ruan , Hao-Tang Tsui , Yung-Hui Li , Hong-Han Shuai

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) are safety-critical and require rigorous testing before public deployment. Simulation-based scenario testing provides a safe and cost-effective alternative to extensive on-road trials, enabling efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Siyuan Chen , Fuyuan Zhang , Hua Qi , Lei Ma , Tomoyuki Tsuchiya , Michio Hayashi , Manabu Okada

Incident management is a key aspect of operating large-scale cloud services. To aid with faster and efficient resolution of incidents, engineering teams document frequent troubleshooting steps in the form of Troubleshooting Guides (TSGs),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Manish Shetty , Chetan Bansal , Sai Pramod Upadhyayula , Arjun Radhakrishna , Anurag Gupta

How many scenarios are sufficient to validate the safe Operational Design Domain (ODD) of an Automated Driving System (ADS) equipped vehicle? Is a more significant number of sampled scenarios guaranteeing a more accurate safety assessment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Bowen Weng , Linda Capito , Umit Ozguner , Keith Redmill

Many players in the automotive field support scenario-based assessment of automated vehicles (AVs), where individual traffic situations can be tested and, thus, facilitate concluding on the performance of AVs in different situations. Since…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Detian Guo , Manuel Muñoz Sánchez , Erwin de Gelder , Tom P. J. van der Sande

Behavior prediction remains one of the most challenging tasks in the autonomous vehicle (AV) software stack. Forecasting the future trajectories of nearby agents plays a critical role in ensuring road safety, as it equips AVs with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Francis Indaheng , Edward Kim , Kesav Viswanadha , Jay Shenoy , Jinkyu Kim , Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years. An important aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of their safety. New approaches need to be worked out. Among these, real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Erwin de Gelder , Olaf Op den Camp

Interaction between the background vehicles (BVs) and automated vehicles (AVs) in scenario-based testing plays a critical role in evaluating the intelligence of the AVs. Current testing scenarios typically employ predefined or scripted BVs,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Yining Ma , Wei Jiang , Lingtong Zhang , Junyi Chen , Hong Wang , Chen Lv , Xuesong Wang , Lu Xiong

The selection of relevant test scenarios for the scenario-based testing and safety validation of automated driving systems (ADSs) remains challenging. An important aspect of the relevance of a scenario is the challenge it poses for an ADS.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Lennart Vater , Sven Tarlowski , Michael Schuldes , Lutz Eckstein

Evaluating and improving planning for autonomous vehicles requires scalable generation of long-tail traffic scenarios. To be useful, these scenarios must be realistic and challenging, but not impossible to drive through safely. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Davis Rempe , Jonah Philion , Leonidas J. Guibas , Sanja Fidler , Or Litany