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This white paper lays out a vision of research and development in the field of artificial intelligence for the next decade (and beyond). Its denouement is a cyber-physical ecosystem of natural and synthetic sense-making, in which humans are…

Generative AIs produce creative outputs in the style of human expression. We argue that encounters with the outputs of modern generative AI models are mediated by the same kinds of aesthetic judgments that organize our interactions with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Jessica Hullman , Ari Holtzman , Andrew Gelman

This paper introduces System 0, a conceptual framework for understanding how artificial intelligence functions as a cognitive extension preceding both intuitive (System 1) and deliberative (System 2) thinking processes. As AI systems…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Massimo Chiriatti , Marianna Bergamaschi Ganapini , Enrico Panai , Brenda K. Wiederhold , Giuseppe Riva

A fundamental feature of human intelligence is that we accumulate and transfer knowledge as a society and across generations. We describe here a network architecture for the human brain that may support this feature and suggest that two key…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-19 Eric C. Wong

In this paper, we argue that current AI research operates on a spectrum between two different underlying conceptions of intelligence: Intelligence Realism, which holds that intelligence represents a single, universal capacity measurable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ninell Oldenburg , Ruchira Dhar , Anders Søgaard

Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is an established field of research. Yet some have questioned if the term still has meaning. AGI has been subject to so much hype and speculation it has become something of a Rorschach test. Melanie…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Michael Timothy Bennett

Conceptual abstraction and analogy-making are key abilities underlying humans' abilities to learn, reason, and robustly adapt their knowledge to new domains. Despite of a long history of research on constructing AI systems with these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Melanie Mitchell

Human-like intelligence in a machine is a contentious subject. Whether mankind should or should not pursue the creation of artificial general intelligence is hotly debated. As well, researchers have aligned in opposing factions according to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Jason M. Pittman , Ashlyn Hanks

Artificial intelligence systems based on large language models (LLMs) can now generate coherent text, music, and images, yet they operate without a persistent state: each inference reconstructs context from scratch. This paper introduces…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Stefano Natangelo

Between the narrow systems we deploy and the general intelligence we speculate about lies an entire regime of machine behavior that has never received its own name. This monograph argues that this regime is not empty: it is where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Boris Kriuk

This paper systematically derives design dimensions for the structured evaluation of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) approaches. These dimensions enable a descriptive characterization, facilitating comparisons between different…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Fabian Sperrle , Mennatallah El-Assady , Grace Guo , Duen Horng Chau , Alex Endert , Daniel Keim

Existing approaches to Theory of Mind (ToM) in Artificial Intelligence (AI) overemphasize prompted, or cue-based, ToM, which may limit our collective ability to develop Artificial Social Intelligence (ASI). Drawing from research in computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Nikolos Gurney , David V. Pynadath , Volkan Ustun

This paper introduces a competency-based model for generative artificial intelligence (AI) literacy covering essential skills and knowledge areas necessary to interact with generative AI. The competencies range from foundational AI literacy…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ravinithesh Annapureddy , Alessandro Fornaroli , Daniel Gatica-Perez

A definition of Artificial Intelligence was proposed in [1] but this definition was not absolutely formal at least because the word "Human" was used. In this paper we will formalize the definition from [1]. The biggest problem in this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-09-24 Dimiter Dobrev

We discuss the adequacy of tests for intelligent systems and practical problems raised by their implementation. We propose the replacement test as the ability of a system to replace successfully another system performing a task in a given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Joseph Sifakis

A critical challenge remains unresolved as generative AI systems are quickly implemented in various organizational settings. Despite significant advances in memory components such as RAG, vector stores, and LLM agents, these systems still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Kristy Wedel

Producing an artificial general intelligence (AGI) has been an elusive goal in artificial intelligence (AI) research for some time. An AGI would have the capability, like a human, to be exposed to a new problem domain, learn about it and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jeremy Straub

Instrumental goals such as resource acquisition, power-seeking, and self-preservation are key to contemporary AI alignment research, yet the phenomenon's ontology remains under-theorised. This article develops an ontological account of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Willem Fourie

This study aims to extend the framework for assessing artificial intelligence, called GROW-AI (Growth and Realization of Autonomous Wisdom), designed to answer the question "Can machines grow up?" -- a natural successor to the Turing Test.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Alexandru Tugui

Generative AI offers significant opportunities for language learning. Tools like ChatGPT can provide informal second language practice through chats in written or voice forms, with the learner specifying through prompts conversational…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Robert Godwin-Jones