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In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ), executing quantum algorithms on actual quantum devices faces unique challenges. One such challenge is that quantum devices in this era have restricted connectivity: quantum gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-16 Yao Tang

In this work, a novel quantum neural network is introduced as a means to approximate any unitary evolution through the Standard Recursive Block Basis (SRBB) and is subsequently redesigned with the number of CNOTs asymptotically reduced by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Giacomo Belli , Marco Mordacci , Michele Amoretti

NISQ devices have inherent limitations in terms of connectivity and hardware noise. The synthesis of CNOT circuits considers the physical constraints and transforms quantum algorithms into low-level quantum circuits that can execute on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Xinyu Chen , Mingqiang Zhu , Xueyun Cheng , Zhijin Guan , Shiguang Feng , Pengcheng Zhu

New technologies such as Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA), Single Electron Tunneling (SET), Tunneling Phase Logic (TPL) and all-spin logic (ASL) devices have been widely advocated in nanotechnology as a response to the physical limits…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-11-16 Moein Sarvaghad-Moghaddam , Ali A. Orouji , Monireh Houshmand

The current phase of quantum computing is in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. On NISQ devices, two-qubit gates such as CNOTs are much noisier than single-qubit gates, so it is essential to minimize their count. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-24 Xin-Chuan Wu , Marc Grau Davis , Frederic T. Chong , Costin Iancu

The primary objective of quantum circuit synthesis is to efficiently and accurately realize specific quantum algorithms or operations utilizing a predefined set of quantum gates, while also optimizing the circuit size. It holds a pivotal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Jialiang Tang , Jialin Zhang , Xiaoming Sun

Since quantum computing is currently in the NISQ-Era, compilation strategies to reduce the number of gates executed on specific hardware are required. In this work, we utilize the concept of synthesis of a data structure called Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 David Winderl , Qunsheng Huang , Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Richie Yeung

We present an algorithm for compiling arbitrary unitaries into a sequence of gates native to a quantum processor. As accurate CNOT gates are hard for the foreseeable Noisy- Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices era, our A* inspired algorithm…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Marc Grau Davis , Ethan Smith , Ana Tudor , Koushik Sen , Irfan Siddiqi , Costin Iancu

We consider the problem of the variational quantum circuit synthesis into a gate set consisting of the CNOT gate and arbitrary single-qubit (1q) gates with the primary target being the minimization of the CNOT count. First we note that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Nikita A. Nemkov , Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Ilia A. Luchnikov , Aleksey K. Fedorov

Blocks composed of {CNOT, Rz} are ubiquitous in modern quantum applications, notably in circuits such as QAOA ansatzes and quantum adders. After compilation, many of them exhibit large CNOT counts or depths, which lowers fidelity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Xinpeng Li , Ji Liu , Shuai Xu , Paul Hovland , Vipin Chaudhary

The construction of quantum computers is based on the synthesis of low-cost quantum circuits. The quantum circuit of any Boolean function expressed in a Positive Polarity Reed-Muller $PPRM$ expansion can be synthesized using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Taghreed Ahmed , Ahmed Younes , and Islam Elkabani

We present Stochastic Commutator Synthesis, a hybrid quantum gate compilation framework that integrates Kuperberg's sub-cubic Solovay-Kitaev exponent c near 1.44042 with the error-tailoring machinery of randomized compilation. Classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Yevgen Kotukh

Accurate and efficient implementation of parallel quantum gates is crucial for scalable quantum information processing. However, the unavoidable crosstalk between qubits in current noisy processors impedes the achievement of high gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Xiaodong Yang , Ran Liu , Jun Li

Instantaneous noise-based logic (INBL) is a novel computing approach that encodes binary information using stochastic processes. It uses 2M orthogonal stochastic reference noises for M noise-bits to construct an exponentially large Hilbert…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Nasir Kenarangui , Laszlo B. Kish , Arthur Powalka

Layout synthesis is mapping a quantum circuit to a quantum processor. SWAP gate insertions are needed for scheduling 2-qubit gates only on connected physical qubits. With the ever-increasing number of qubits in NISQ processors, scalable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol

We study the problem of CNOT-optimal quantum circuit synthesis over gate sets consisting of CNOT and Z-basis rotations of arbitrary angles. We show that the circuit-polynomial correspondence relates such circuits to Fourier expansions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-29 Matthew Amy , Parsiad Azimzadeh , Michele Mosca

We introduce an improved CNOT synthesis algorithm that considers nearest-neighbour interactions and CNOT gate error rates in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. Compared to IBM's Qiskit compiler, it improves the fidelity of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Dohun Kim , Minyoung Kim , Sarah Meng Li , Michele Mosca

Optimizing quantum circuits by reducing circuit depth is essential for improving the efficiency and scalability of quantum algorithms, particularly as quantum hardware continues to evolve. This can be achieved by restructuring quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Folkert de Ronde , Stephan Wong , Sebastian Feld

Compiling quantum circuits to account for hardware restrictions is an essential part of the quantum computing stack. Circuit compilation allows us to adapt algorithm descriptions into a sequence of operations supported by real quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Alejandro Villoria , Henning Basold , Alfons Laarman

Based on our recent paper [arXiv:2206.12176 (2022)], we propose a scalable heteronuclear architecture of parallel implementation of CNOT gates in arrays of alkali-metal neutral atoms for quantum information processing. We considered a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 Ahmed M. Farouk , I. I. Beterov , Peng Xu , I. I. Ryabtsev
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