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Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables mapping gene expression with spatial context but is severely affected by high sparsity and technical noise, which conceals true biological signals and hinders downstream analyses. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sayeem Bin Zaman , Fahim Hafiz , Riasat Azim

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is essential for understanding diseases and developing novel treatments. It measures gene expression of each fine-grained area (i.e., different windows) in the tissue slide with low throughput. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Yan Yang , Md Zakir Hossain , Eric A Stone , Shafin Rahman

The recent advancement of spatial transcriptomics (ST) allows to characterize spatial gene expression within tissue for discovery research. However, current ST platforms suffer from low resolution, hindering in-depth understanding of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Xiaofei Wang , Xingxu Huang , Stephen J. Price , Chao Li

The rapid development of spatial transcriptomics (ST) offers new opportunities to explore the gene expression patterns within the spatial microenvironment. Current research integrates pathological images to infer gene expression, addressing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Junchao Zhu , Ruining Deng , Tianyuan Yao , Juming Xiong , Chongyu Qu , Junlin Guo , Siqi Lu , Yucheng Tang , Daguang Xu , Mengmeng Yin , Yu Wang , Shilin Zhao , Yaohong Wang , Haichun Yang , Yuankai Huo

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies enable transcriptome-wide gene expression profiling while preserving spatial resolution, offering unprecedented opportunities to uncover complex spatial structures. Due to the ultra-high…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-11 Changhu Wang , Qiyun Huang , Zihao Chen , Jin Liu , Ruibin Xi

The advancement of Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) has facilitated the spatially-aware profiling of gene expressions based on histopathology images. Although ST data offers valuable insights into the micro-environment of tumors, its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Hongyi Wang , Xiuju Du , Jing Liu , Shuyi Ouyang , Yen-Wei Chen , Lanfen Lin

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables the visualization of gene expression within the context of tissue morphology. This emerging discipline has the potential to serve as a foundation for developing tools to design precision medicines.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-12 Shivam Kumar , Samrat Chatterjee

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) provides high-resolution pathological images and whole-transcriptomic expression profiles at individual spots across whole-slide scales. This setting makes it an ideal data source to develop multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yuxiang Lin , Ling Luo , Ying Chen , Xushi Zhang , Zihui Wang , Wenxian Yang , Mengsha Tong , Rongshan Yu

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) suffer from inefficient inference due to their slow sampling and high memory consumption, which limits their applicability to various medical imaging applications. In this work, we propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Fahim Ahmed Zaman , Mathews Jacob , Amanda Chang , Kan Liu , Milan Sonka , Xiaodong Wu

Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) is a technology that measures gene expression profiles within tissue sections while retaining spatial context. It reveals localized gene expression patterns and tissue heterogeneity, both of which are essential…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-24 Wei Zhang , Jiajun Chu , Xinci Liu , Chen Tong , Xinyue Li

Accurately identifying oocytes that progress to the blastocyst stage is crucial in reproductive medicine, but the limited availability of annotated high-quality embryo images presents challenges for developing automated diagnostic tools. To…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-18 Alejandro Golfe , Natalia P. García-de-la-puente , Adrián Colomer , Valery Naranjo

In order to understand the complexities of cellular biology, researchers are interested in two important metrics: the genetic expression information of cells and their spatial coordinates within a tissue sample. However, state-of-the art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 J. Ding , S. N. Zaman , P. Y. Chen , D. Wang

We introduce Latent Space Distribution Matching (LSDM), a novel framework for semi-supervised generative modeling of conditional distributions. LSDM operates in two stages: (i) learning a low-dimensional latent space from both paired and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Kwong Yu Chong , Long Feng

We investigate the statistical and computational limits of latent Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) under the low-dimensional linear latent space assumption. Statistically, we study the universal approximation and sample complexity of the DiTs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-01 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Weimin Wu , Zhao Song , Han Liu

For 3D spatial transcriptomics (ST), the high per-section acquisition cost of fully sampling every tissue section remains a significant challenge. Although recent approaches predict gene expression from histology images, these methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Jiahe Qian , Yaoyu Fang , Xinkun Wang , Lee A. Cooper , Bo Zhou

Recent advances in multi-modal AI have demonstrated promising potential for generating the currently expensive spatial transcriptomics (ST) data directly from routine histology images, offering a means to reduce the high cost and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Junchao Zhu , Ruining Deng , Junlin Guo , Tianyuan Yao , Juming Xiong , Chongyu Qu , Mengmeng Yin , Yu Wang , Shilin Zhao , Haichun Yang , Daguang Xu , Yucheng Tang , Yuankai Huo

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables transcriptome-wide profiling while preserving the spatial context of tissues, offering unprecedented opportunities to study tissue organization and cell-cell interactions in situ. Despite recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wei Wang , Quoc-Toan Ly , Chong Yu , Jun Bai

Inferring spatially resolved gene expression from histology images offers a cost-effective complement to spatial transcriptomics (ST). However, existing methods reduce this task to a simple morphology-to-expression mapping, where visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Junchao Zhu , Ruining Deng , Junlin Guo , Tianyuan Yao , Chongyu Qu , Juming Xiong , Zhengyi Lu , Yanfan Zhu , Marilyn Lionts , Yuechen Yang , Yu Wang , Shilin Zhao , Haichun Yang , Yuankai Huo

Background: Spatial transcriptomics have emerged as a powerful tool in biomedical research because of its ability to capture both the spatial contexts and abundance of the complete RNA transcript profile in organs of interest. However,…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-18 Shuo Shuo Liu , Shikun Wang , Yuxuan Chen , Anil K. Rustgi , Ming Yuan , Jianhua Hu

Tumour heterogeneity in breast cancer poses challenges in predicting outcome and response to therapy. Spatial transcriptomics technologies may address these challenges, as they provide a wealth of information about gene expression at the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Md Mamunur Rahaman , Ewan K. A. Millar , Erik Meijering