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Computed tomography (CT) serves as an effective tool for lung cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, providing a rich source of features to quantify temporal and spatial tumor changes. Nonetheless, the diversity of CT…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Md Selim , Jie Zhang , Faraneh Fathi , Michael A. Brooks , Ge Wang , Guoqiang Yu , Jin Chen

We introduce MedCondDiff, a diffusion-based framework for multi-organ medical image segmentation that is efficient and anatomically grounded. The model conditions the denoising process on semantic priors extracted by a Pyramid Vision…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Ruirui Huang , Jiacheng Li

Purpose: To accelerate MRI acquisition by incorporating the previous scans of a subject during reconstruction. Although longitudinal imaging constitutes much of clinical MRI, leveraging previous scans is challenging due to the complex…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Yonatan Urman , Zachary Shah , Ashwin Kumar , Bruno P. Soares , Kawin Setsompop

Recent advancements in deep learning for medical image segmentation are often limited by the scarcity of high-quality training data.While diffusion models provide a potential solution by generating synthetic images, their effectiveness in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jianhao Xie , Ziang Zhang , Zhenyu Weng , Yuesheng Zhu , Guibo Luo

Compressed sensing MRI seeks to accelerate MRI acquisition processes by sampling fewer k-space measurements and then reconstructing the missing data algorithmically. The success of these approaches often relies on strong priors or learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Hyungjin Chung , Dohun Lee , Zihui Wu , Byung-Hoon Kim , Katherine L. Bouman , Jong Chul Ye

Low-dose CT (LDCT) protocols reduce radiation exposure but increase image noise, compromising diagnostic confidence. Diffusion-based generative models have shown promise for LDCT denoising by learning image priors and performing iterative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Tomás de la Sotta , José M. Saavedra , Héctor Henríquez , Violeta Chang , Aline Xavier

We introduce Diffusion Active Learning, a novel approach that combines generative diffusion modeling with data-driven sequential experimental design to adaptively acquire data for inverse problems. Although broadly applicable, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Luis Barba , Johannes Kirschner , Tomas Aidukas , Manuel Guizar-Sicairos , Benjamín Béjar

Time-resolved CT is an advanced measurement technique that has been widely used to observe dynamic objects, including periodically varying structures such as hearts, lungs, or hearing structures. To reconstruct these objects from CT…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Qianwei Qu , Christian M. Schlepütz , Marco Stampanoni

Computed Tomography (CT) is a vital diagnostic tool in clinical practice, yet the health risks associated with ionizing radiation cannot be overlooked. Low-dose CT (LDCT) helps mitigate radiation exposure but simultaneously leads to reduced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Guoliang Gong , Man Yu

Computed Tomography (CT) reconstruction is a fundamental component to a wide variety of applications ranging from security, to healthcare. The classical techniques require measuring projections, called sinograms, from a full 180$^\circ$…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Rushil Anirudh , Hyojin Kim , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , K. Aditya Mohan , Kyle Champley , Timo Bremer

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has shown great potential and promising applications in advanced imaging fields for its capabilities of material decomposition. However, image reconstructions and decompositions under sparse views…

Medical Physics · Physics 2016-08-01 Lei Li , Ailong Cai , Linyuan Wang , Bin Yan , Hanming Zhang , Zhizhong Zheng , Wenkun Zhang , Wanli Lu , Guoen Hu

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has been widely used to obtain quantitative elemental composition of imaged subjects for personalized and precise medical diagnosis. Compared with DECT leveraging advanced X-ray source and/or detector…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Qiaoxin Li , Ruifeng Chen , Peng Wang , Guotao Quan , Yanfeng Du , Dong Liang , Yinsheng Li

Clinical decision-making relies on the integration of information across various data modalities, such as clinical time-series, medical images and textual reports. Compared to other domains, real-world medical data is heterogeneous in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Baraa Al Jorf , Farah Shamout

Computed Tomography (CT) scans are the standard-of-care for the visualization and diagnosis of many clinical ailments, and are needed for the treatment planning of external beam radiotherapy. Unfortunately, the availability of CT scanners…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-28 Yiran Sun , Hana Baroudi , Tucker Netherton , Laurence Court , Osama Mawlawi , Ashok Veeraraghavan , Guha Balakrishnan

Time-resolved high-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (4D $\mu$CT) is an imaging technique that offers insight into the evolution of dynamic processes inside materials that are opaque to visible light. Conventional tomographic…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-12 Wannes Goethals , Tom Bultreys , Steffen Berg , Matthieu N. Boone , Jan Aelterman

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is an emerging computed imaging modality that exploits optical contrast and ultrasonic detection principles to form images of the absorbed optical energy density within tissue. If the object…

Medical Physics · Physics 2017-09-08 Joemini Poudel , Thomas P. Matthews , Lei Li , Mark A. Anastasio , Lihong V. Wang

Accurate segmentation of the left ventricle myocardium in cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) is essential for e.g. the assessment of myocardial perfusion. Automatic deep learning methods for segmentation in CCTA might suffer from differences in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Steffen Bruns , Jelmer M. Wolterink , Robbert W. van Hamersvelt , Majd Zreik , Tim Leiner , Ivana Išgum

Compared with conventional single-energy computed tomography (CT), dual-energy CT (DECT) provides better material differentiation but most DECT imaging systems require dual full-angle projection data at different X-ray spectra. Relaxing the…

Medical image segmentation remains challenging in low-data regimes, where scarce annotations often yield poor generalization and ambiguous boundaries with missing fine structures. Recent self-supervised pretraining has improved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zhiquan Chen , Haitao Wang , Guowei Zou , Hejun Wu

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful priors for solving inverse problems in computed tomography (CT). In certain applications, such as neutron CT, it can be expensive to collect large amounts of measurements even for a single scan,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Timofey Efimov , Singanallur Venkatakrishnan , Maliha Hossain , Haley Duba-Sullivan , Amirkoushyar Ziabari