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We propose the Fr\'echet Audio Distance (FAD), a novel, reference-free evaluation metric for music enhancement algorithms. We demonstrate how typical evaluation metrics for speech enhancement and blind source separation can fail to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-18 Kevin Kilgour , Mauricio Zuluaga , Dominik Roblek , Matthew Sharifi

Chord recognition systems typically comprise an acoustic model that predicts chords for each audio frame, and a temporal model that casts these predictions into labelled chord segments. However, temporal models have been shown to only…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-08-17 Filip Korzeniowski , Gerhard Widmer

This paper proposes an effective modelling of sound event spectra with a hidden data-size-imbalance, for improved Acoustic Event Detection (AED). The proposed method models each event as an aggregated representation of a few latent factors,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-08 Chaitanya Narisetty , Tatsuya Komatsu , Reishi Kondo

Deep learning models perform best with abundant, high-quality labels, yet such conditions are rarely achievable in EEG-based emotion recognition. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are easily corrupted by artifacts and individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Hyo-Jeong Jang , Hye-Bin Shin , Kang Yin

Automated Audio Captioning is a multimodal task that aims to convert audio content into natural language. The assessment of audio captioning systems is typically based on quantitative metrics applied to text data. Previous studies have…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Gijs Wijngaard , Elia Formisano , Bruno L. Giordano , Michel Dumontier

Understanding the confidence with which a machine learning model classifies an input datum is an important, and perhaps under-investigated, concept. In this paper, we propose a new calibration metric, the Entropic Calibration Difference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Daniel James Sumler , Lee Devlin , Simon Maskell , Richard O. Lane

The increasing accuracy of automatic chord estimation systems, the availability of vast amounts of heterogeneous reference annotations, and insights from annotator subjectivity research make chord label personalization increasingly…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-06-30 H. V. Koops , W. B. de Haas , J. Bransen , A. Volk

Audio-to-score alignment is an important pre-processing step for in-depth analysis of classical music. In this paper, we apply novel transposition-invariant audio features to this task. These low-dimensional features represent local pitch…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Andreas Arzt , Stefan Lattner

Previous DCASE challenges contributed to an increase in the performance of acoustic scene classification systems. State-of-the-art classifiers demand significant processing capabilities and memory which is challenging for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-10 Nagashree K. S. Rao , Nils Peters

This paper presents NOMAD (Non-Matching Audio Distance), a differentiable perceptual similarity metric that measures the distance of a degraded signal against non-matching references. The proposed method is based on learning deep feature…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Alessandro Ragano , Jan Skoglund , Andrew Hines

Large-scale deep learning models impose substantial communication overh ead in distributed training, particularly in bandwidth-constrained or heterogeneous clo ud-edge environments. Conventional synchronous or fixed-compression techniques o…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yi Yang , Ziyu Lin , Liesheng Wei

Supervised machine learning assumes that labeled data provide accurate measurements of the concepts models are meant to learn. Yet in practice, human labeling introduces systematic variation arising from ambiguous items, divergent…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-10 Robert Chew , Stephanie Eckman , Christoph Kern , Frauke Kreuter

Noise contrastive estimation (NCE) is a popular method for training energy-based models (EBM) with intractable normalisation terms. The key idea of NCE is to learn by comparing unnormalised log-likelihoods of the reference and noisy…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wanli Sun , Anton Ragni

Advancements in deep learning techniques have given a boost to the performance of anomaly detection. However, real-world and safety-critical applications demand a level of transparency and reasoning beyond accuracy. The task of anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Laya Rafiee Sevyeri , Ivaxi Sheth , Farhood Farahnak , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou , Shirin Abbasinejad Enger

We propose a novel method to conceptually decompose an existing annotation into separate levels, allowing the analysis of inter-annotators disagreement in each level separately. We suggest two distinct strategies in order to actualize this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Effi Levi , Shaul R. Shenhav

Audio denoising is critical in signal processing, enhancing intelligibility and fidelity for applications like restoring musical recordings. This paper presents a proof-of-concept for adapting a state-of-the-art neural audio codec, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Daniel Jimon , Mircea Vaida , Adriana Stan

Many audio processing tasks require perceptual assessment. The ``gold standard`` of obtaining human judgments is time-consuming, expensive, and cannot be used as an optimization criterion. On the other hand, automated metrics are efficient…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Pranay Manocha , Adam Finkelstein , Richard Zhang , Nicholas J. Bryan , Gautham J. Mysore , Zeyu Jin

Recent popular decoder-only text-to-speech models are known for their ability of generating natural-sounding speech. However, such models sometimes suffer from word skipping and repeating due to the lack of explicit monotonic alignment…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-21 Hankun Wang , Chenpeng Du , Yiwei Guo , Shuai Wang , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Automated pediatric electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis remains challenging because models trained predominantly on adult data suffer from substantial cross-population mismatch, while pediatric labels are often scarce. We present PEACE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xinran Liu , Yuwen Li , Hongxiang Gao , Heyang Xu , Jianqing Li , Zongmin Wang , Chengyu Liu

The cardiac dipole has been shown to propagate to the ears, now a common site for consumer wearable electronics, enabling the recording of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. However, in-ear ECG recordings often suffer from significant noise…