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The imposition of symmetry upon the nature and structure of quantum observables has recently been extensively studied, with quantum reference frames playing a crucial role. In this paper, we extend this work to quantum transformations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-13 Takayuki Miyadera , Leon Loveridge

Quantum reference frames have attracted renewed interest recently, as their exploration is relevant and instructive in many areas of quantum theory. Among the different types, position and time reference frames have captivated special…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Michael Suleymanov , Ismael L. Paiva , Eliahu Cohen

A quantum frame is defined by a material object subject to the laws of quantum mechanics. The present paper studies the relations between quantum frames, which in the classical case are described by elements of the Poincare' group. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-17 M. Toller

Reference frames are used to parameterize measurements of physical effects, but since their practical realization uses material objects, they may affect observations performed in a combined quantum state of the measured system together with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Martin Bojowald , Luis Martinez

We argue that the account of Reference Frames quantum properties must change the standard space-time picture accepted in Quantum Mechanics. If RF is connected with some macroscopic solid object then its free quantum motion - wave packet…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 S. Mayburov

We propose a formal definition of a general reference frame in a general spacetime, as an equivalence class of charts. This formal definition corresponds with the notion of a reference frame as being a (fictitious) deformable body, but we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-24 Mayeul Arminjon , Frank Reifler

Based on a recent relational formulation of quantum reference frame transformations, especially with a case of quantum spatial translations in particular, we analyzed how the `value' of an observable for a fixed state change. That is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Otto C. W. Kong

In the absence of external relata, internal quantum reference frames (QRFs) appear widely in the literature on quantum gravity, gauge theories and quantum foundations. Here, we extend the perspective-neutral approach to QRF covariance to…

Viewing frames of reference as physical systems, subject to the same laws as the systems they describe, is central to the relational approach in physics. Under the assumption that quantum mechanics universally governs all physical entities,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Michael Suleymanov , Avishy Carmi , Eliahu Cohen

We define the perspective of any quantum reference frame (QRF) and construct reversible transformations between different perspectives. This extends the framework of [arXiv:2110.13199] to non-ideal QRFs with finite resources such as energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Sébastien Christophe Garmier , Ladina Hausmann , Esteban Castro-Ruiz

We propose that observables in quantum theory are properly understood as representatives of symmetry-invariant quantities relating one system to another, the latter to be called a reference system. We provide a rigorous mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Leon Loveridge , Takayuki Miyadera , Paul Busch

The quantum reference frames program is based on the idea that reference frames should be treated as quantum physical systems. In this work, we combine these insights with the emphasis on operationality, understood as refraining from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Jan Głowacki

We argue that correct account of the quantum properties of macroscopic objects which form reference frames (RF) demand the change of the standard space-time picture accepted in Quantum Mechanics. Galilean or Lorentz space-time…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 S. N. Mayburov

A common feature of the extended phase space of gauge theory, the crossed product of quantum theory, and quantum reference frames (QRFs) is the adjoining of degrees of freedom followed by a constraining procedure for the resulting total…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-10-16 Shadi Ali Ahmad , Wissam Chemissany , Marc S. Klinger , Robert G. Leigh

Employing internal quantum systems as reference frames is a crucial concept in quantum gravity, gauge theories and quantum foundations whenever external relata are unavailable. In this work, we give a comprehensive and self-contained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 Philipp A. Hoehn , Marius Krumm , Markus P. Mueller

In physics, every observation is made with respect to a frame of reference. Although reference frames are usually not considered as degrees of freedom, in all practical situations it is a physical system which constitutes a reference frame.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 Flaminia Giacomini , Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Časlav Brukner

Boundaries and corners of spacetime play a vital role in understanding physical concepts including entanglement entropy, the infrared problem in QFT and quantum gravity. Standard local quantum field theory struggles to accommodate such…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Christopher J. Fewster , Daan W. Janssen , Kasia Rejzner

Candidate microstates of a spherically symmetric geometry are constructed in the group field theory formalism for quantum gravity, for models including both quantum geometric and scalar matter degrees of freedom. The latter are used as a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-17 Daniele Oriti , Yi-Li Wang

We develop foundations for a relational approach to quantum field theory (RQFT) based on the operational quantum reference frames (QRFs) framework considered in a relativistic setting. Unlike other efforts in combining QFT with QRFs, we use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Samuel Fedida , Jan Głowacki

Aharonov-Kaufherr model of quantum space-time which accounts Reference Frames (RF) quantum effects is considered in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics framework. For RF connected with some macroscopic object its free quantum motion - wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Mayburov