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Social media platforms are critical spaces for public discourse, shaping opinions and community dynamics, yet their widespread use has amplified harmful content, particularly hate speech, threatening online safety and inclusivity. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Muhammad Usman , Muhammad Ahmad , M. Shahiki Tash , Irina Gelbukh , Rolando Quintero Tellez , Grigori Sidorov

With the multiplication of social media platforms, which offer anonymity, easy access and online community formation, and online debate, the issue of hate speech detection and tracking becomes a growing challenge to society, individual,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Md Saroar Jahan , Mourad Oussalah

The dissemination of online hate speech can have serious negative consequences for individuals, online communities, and entire societies. This and the large volume of hateful online content prompted both practitioners', i.e., in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Julian Bäumler , Louis Blöcher , Lars-Joel Frey , Xian Chen , Markus Bayer , Christian Reuter

The context-dependent nature of online aggression makes annotating large collections of data extremely difficult. Previously studied datasets in abusive language detection have been insufficient in size to efficiently train deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Younghun Lee , Seunghyun Yoon , Kyomin Jung

As offensive content has become pervasive in social media, there has been much research in identifying potentially offensive messages. However, previous work on this topic did not consider the problem as a whole, but rather focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Marcos Zampieri , Shervin Malmasi , Preslav Nakov , Sara Rosenthal , Noura Farra , Ritesh Kumar

Detecting online hate is a difficult task that even state-of-the-art models struggle with. Typically, hate speech detection models are evaluated by measuring their performance on held-out test data using metrics such as accuracy and F1…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Paul Röttger , Bertram Vidgen , Dong Nguyen , Zeerak Waseem , Helen Margetts , Janet B. Pierrehumbert

The last decade has witnessed a surge in the interaction of people through social networking platforms. While there are several positive aspects of these social platforms, the proliferation has led them to become the breeding ground for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Souvic Chakraborty , Parag Dutta , Sumegh Roychowdhury , Animesh Mukherjee

With the proliferation of social media, there has been a sharp increase in offensive content, particularly targeting vulnerable groups, exacerbating social problems such as hatred, racism, and sexism. Detecting offensive language use is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Toygar Tanyel , Besher Alkurdi , Serkan Ayvaz

Combating online hate speech in multilingual settings requires approaches that go beyond English-centric models and capture the cultural and linguistic diversity of global online discourse. This paper presents a comprehensive survey and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zahra Safdari Fesaghandis , Suman Kalyan Maity

Countering online hate speech is a critical yet challenging task, but one which can be aided by the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Previous research has primarily focused on the development of NLP methods to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Jing Qian , Anna Bethke , Yinyin Liu , Elizabeth Belding , William Yang Wang

Hate speech detection has been the subject of high research attention, due to the scale of content created on social media. In spite of the attention and the sensitive nature of the task, privacy preservation in hate speech detection has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jay Gala , Deep Gandhi , Jash Mehta , Zeerak Talat

Algorithms are widely applied to detect hate speech and abusive language in social media. We investigated whether the human-annotated data used to train these algorithms are biased. We utilized a publicly available annotated Twitter dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Jae Yeon Kim , Carlos Ortiz , Sarah Nam , Sarah Santiago , Vivek Datta

In recent years, Vietnam witnesses the mass development of social network users on different social platforms such as Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, and Tiktok. On social medias, hate speech has become a critical problem for social network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Son T. Luu , Kiet Van Nguyen , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen

With proliferation of user generated contents in social media platforms, establishing mechanisms to automatically identify toxic and abusive content becomes a prime concern for regulators, researchers, and society. Keeping the balance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Djamila Romaissa Beddiar , Md Saroar Jahan , Mourad Oussalah

Inspired by the recent social movement of #MeToo, we are building a chatbot to assist survivors of sexual harassment cases (designed for the city of Maastricht but can easily be extended). The motivation behind this work is twofold:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Tobias Bauer , Emre Devrim , Misha Glazunov , William Lopez Jaramillo , Balaganesh Mohan , Gerasimos Spanakis

Hate speech causes widespread and deep-seated societal issues. Proper enforcement of hate speech laws is key for protecting groups of people against harmful and discriminatory language. However, determining what constitutes hate speech is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Chu Fei Luo , Rohan Bhambhoria , Xiaodan Zhu , Samuel Dahan

Content moderators play a key role in keeping the conversation on social media healthy. While the high volume of content they need to judge represents a bottleneck to the moderation pipeline, no studies have explored how models could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Agostina Calabrese , Leonardo Neves , Neil Shah , Maarten W. Bos , Björn Ross , Mirella Lapata , Francesco Barbieri

Chatbots are used in many applications, e.g., automated agents, smart home assistants, interactive characters in online games, etc. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure they do not behave in undesired manners, providing offensive or toxic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Jeremy Blackburn , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Gianluca Stringhini , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

In the current era of the internet, where social media platforms are easily accessible for everyone, people often have to deal with threats, identity attacks, hate, and bullying due to their association with a cast, creed, gender, religion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Zaki Mustafa Farooqi , Sreyan Ghosh , Rajiv Ratn Shah

The advent of social media has given rise to numerous ethical challenges, with hate speech among the most significant concerns. Researchers are attempting to tackle this problem by leveraging hate-speech detection and employing language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Pranath Reddy Kumbam , Sohaib Uddin Syed , Prashanth Thamminedi , Suhas Harish , Ian Perera , Bonnie J. Dorr