Related papers: Protocol for Clustering 4DSTEM Data for Phase Diff…
Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) enables mapping of diffraction information with nanometer-scale spatial resolution, offering detailed insight into local structure, orientation, and strain. However, as…
Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) provides rich, atomic-scale insights into materials structures. However, extracting specific physical properties - such as polarization directions essential for…
Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are important for nonvolatile memory and reconfigurable photonic technologies. The GeTe-Sb2Te3 mixture system, commonly referred to as GST, is the most well-known PCM family, but new PCMs are…
Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are widely applied in electronic and photonic applications, such as non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing. Doped Sb$_2$Te alloys are now gaining increasing attention for on-chip photonic…
Phase change materials (PCMs) are well-known for their reversible and rapid switching between crystalline and amorphous phases through thermal excitations mediated by strong electrical or laser pulses. This crystal-to-amorphous transition…
Optical phase change materials (O-PCMs), a unique group of materials featuring drastic optical property contrast upon solid-state phase transition, have found widespread adoption in photonic switches and routers, reconfigurable meta-optics,…
Understanding the relationship between atomic structure (order) and chemical composition (chemistry) is critical for advancing materials science, yet traditional spectroscopic techniques can be slow and damaging to sensitive samples.…
Two classes of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have emerged as the best candidates for applications requiring the fast reading and writing of data: GeTe-Sb$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ pseudobinary alloys (group 1) and doped Sb-Te compounds near the…
Differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) maps projected electric fields through the phase sensitivity of segmented low-angle detectors. Although typically applied to atomic-resolution…
Multi-technique high resolution X-ray mapping enhanced by the recent advent of 4th generation synchrotron facilities can produce colossal datasets, challenging traditional analysis methods. Such difficulty is clearly materialized when…
Fast and reversible phase transitions in chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs), in particular, Ge-Sb-Te compounds, are not only of fundamental interests, but also make PCMs based random access memory (PRAM) a leading candidate for…
Material properties strongly depend on the nature and concentration of defects. Characterizing these features may require nano- to atomic-scale resolution to establish structure-property relationships. 4D-STEM, a technique where diffraction…
In the search for phase change materials (PCM) that may rival traditional random access memory, a complete understanding of the amorphous to crystalline phase transition is required. For the well-known Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and GeTe (GT)…
Properties of crystalline materials are closely linked to microstructure arising from the spatial arrangement, orientation, and phase of nanocrystals. Rapid characterization of crystalline microstructure can accelerate the identification of…
Here we explore the use of scanning electron diffraction coupled with electron atomic pair distribution function analysis (ePDF) to understand the local order as a function of position in a complex multicomponent system, a hot rolled,…
Phase-change materials (PCMs) based on group IV, V, and VI elements, such as Ge, Sb, and Te, exhibit distinctive liquid-state features, including thermodynamic anomalies and unusual dynamical properties, which are believed to play a key…
Accurately determining the crystallographic structure of a material, organic or inorganic, is a critical primary step in material development and analysis. The most common practices involve analysis of diffraction patterns produced in…
A structure of germanium selenide glasses is simulated by the featured clusters built from the tetrahedral GeSe4 units up to the clusters with six germanium atoms (Ge6Se16H4 and Ge6Se16H8). Quantum chemical calculations at the DFT level…
The classical method of determining the atomic structure of complex molecules by analyzing diffraction patterns is currently undergoing drastic developments. Modern techniques for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray lasers allow a…
All materials are made from atoms arranged either in repeating (crystalline) or in random (amorphous) structures. Diffraction measurements probe average distances between atoms and/or planes of atoms. A transmission electron microscope in…