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Autoencoders are a prominent model in many empirical branches of machine learning and lossy data compression. However, basic theoretical questions remain unanswered even in a shallow two-layer setting. In particular, to what degree does a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Kevin Kögler , Alexander Shevchenko , Hamed Hassani , Marco Mondelli

In this paper, we investigate the usage of autoencoders in modeling textual data. Traditional autoencoders suffer from at least two aspects: scalability with the high dimensionality of vocabulary size and dealing with task-irrelevant words.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-15 Shuangfei Zhai , Zhongfei Zhang

We present a general causal generative modelling framework for accurate estimation of high fidelity image counterfactuals with deep structural causal models. Estimation of interventional and counterfactual queries for high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Tian Xia , Miguel Monteiro , Nick Pawlowski , Ben Glocker

Causal structure learning has been a challenging task in the past decades and several mainstream approaches such as constraint- and score-based methods have been studied with theoretical guarantees. Recently, a new approach has transformed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ignavier Ng , Shengyu Zhu , Zhitang Chen , Zhuangyan Fang

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) provide recourse recommendations for individuals affected by algorithmic decisions. A key challenge is generating CEs that are robust against various perturbation types (e.g. input and model perturbations)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Junqi Jiang , Francesco Leofante , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

Auto-encoders are perhaps the best-known non-probabilistic methods for representation learning. They are conceptually simple and easy to train. Recent theoretical work has shed light on their ability to capture manifold structure, and drawn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Daniel Jiwoong Im , Graham W. Taylor

We present a new method for counterfactual explanations (CFEs) based on Bayesian optimisation that applies to both classification and regression models. Our method is a globally convergent search algorithm with support for arbitrary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Thomas Spooner , Danial Dervovic , Jason Long , Jon Shepard , Jiahao Chen , Daniele Magazzeni

Due to the increasing use of machine learning in practice it becomes more and more important to be able to explain the prediction and behavior of machine learning models. An instance of explanations are counterfactual explanations which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

Synthetic data generation becomes prevalent as a solution to privacy leakage and data shortage. Generative models are designed to generate a realistic synthetic dataset, which can precisely express the data distribution for the real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Bingyang Wen , Luis Oliveros Colon , K. P. Subbalakshmi , R. Chandramouli

Deep graph learning models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in processing graph-structured data and have been widely applied across various fields. However, their complex internal architectures and lack of transparency make it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jinlong Hu , Jiacheng Liu

Deep generative models can emulate the perceptual properties of complex image datasets, providing a latent representation of the data. However, manipulating such representation to perform meaningful and controllable transformations in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Michel Besserve , Arash Mehrjou , Rémy Sun , Bernhard Schölkopf

Molecular property prediction is a crucial task that guides the design of new compounds, including drugs and materials. While explainable artificial intelligence methods aim to scrutinize model predictions by identifying influential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Łukasz Janisiów , Marek Kochańczyk , Bartosz Zieliński , Tomasz Danel

We present PPCEF, a novel method for generating probabilistically plausible counterfactual explanations (CFs). PPCEF advances beyond existing methods by combining a probabilistic formulation that leverages the data distribution with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Patryk Wielopolski , Oleksii Furman , Jerzy Stefanowski , Maciej Zięba

Counterfactual explanations (CE) explain model decisions by identifying input modifications that lead to different predictions. Most existing methods operate at the instance level. Distributional Counterfactual Explanations (DCE) extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yikai Gu , Lele Cao , Bo Zhao , Lei Lei , Lei You

This paper introduces the Gaussian multi-Graphical Model, a model to construct sparse graph representations of matrix- and tensor-variate data. We generalize prior work in this area by simultaneously learning this representation across…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-28 Bailey Andrew , David Westhead , Luisa Cutillo

We focus on generative autoencoders, such as variational or adversarial autoencoders, which jointly learn a generative model alongside an inference model. Generative autoencoders are those which are trained to softly enforce a prior on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-13 Antonia Creswell , Kai Arulkumaran , Anil Anthony Bharath

We introduce a novel semi-supervised Graph Counterfactual Explainer (GCE) methodology, Dynamic GRAph Counterfactual Explainer (DyGRACE). It leverages initial knowledge about the data distribution to search for valid counterfactuals while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Bardh Prenkaj , Mario Villaizan-Vallelado , Tobias Leemann , Gjergji Kasneci

Accurate modeling and explaining geospatial tabular data (GTD) are critical for understanding geospatial phenomena and their underlying processes. Recent work has proposed a novel transformer-based deep learning model named GeoAggregator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Rui Deng , Ziqi Li , Mingshu Wang

Counterfactual explanations have substantially increased in popularity in the past few years as a useful human-centric way of understanding individual black-box model predictions. While several properties desired of high-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Shubham Sharma , Alan H. Gee , Jette Henderson , Joydeep Ghosh

We introduce a class of auto-encoder neural networks tailored to data from the natural exponential family (e.g., count data). The architectures are inspired by the problem of learning the filters in a convolutional generative model with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Bahareh Tolooshams , Andrew H. Song , Simona Temereanca , Demba Ba