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Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been envisioned as a significant component of the sixth generation (6G) network architecture for achieving ubiquitous coverage and seamless access. However, the implementation of LEO satellites is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Chenyu Wu , Shuai Han , Qian Chen , Yu Wang , Weixiao Meng , Abderrahim Benslimane

Digital connectivity has become the foundation of prosperity and an essential need for functioning societies. Despite this dependence, limitation on Internet access remains a prevalent issue, largely hinged on socioeconomic and geographic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Bassel Al Homssi , Akram Al-Hourani , Ke Wang , Phillip Conder , Sithamparanathan Kandeepan , Jinho Choi , Ben Allen , Ben Moores

As emerging massive constellations are intended to provide seamless connectivity for remote areas using hundreds of small low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, new methodologies have great importance to study the performance of these networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Niloofar Okati , Taneli Riihonen

Low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations rely on inter-satellite links (ISLs) to provide global connectivity. We note that in addition to the general constellation parameters, the ISL spanning patterns are also greatly influence the final…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Xiangtong Wang , Xiaodong Han , Menglong Yang , Chuan Xing , Yuqi Wang , Songchen Han , Wei Li

Low Earth orbit Satellite Networks (LSNs) have been advocated as a key infrastructure for truly global coverage in the forthcoming 6G. This paper presents our initial measurement results and observations on the end-to-end network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Sami Ma , Yi Ching Chou , Haoyuan Zhao , Long Chen , Xiaoqiang Ma , Jiangchuan Liu

In recent years, Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations have emerged as a promising network technology and have ushered in a new era for democratizing Internet access. The Starlink network from SpaceX stands out as the only…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Nitinder Mohan , Andrew Ferguson , Hendrik Cech , Prakita Rayyan Renatin , Rohan Bose , Mahesh Marina , Jörg Ott

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations aim to enable high-speed Internet for numerous users anywhere on Earth. To safeguard their network infrastructure in congested outer space, they perform automatic orbital maneuvers to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yimei Chen , Yuanjie Li , Hewu Li , Lixin Liu , Li Ouyang , Jiabo Yang , Junyi Li , Jianping Wu , Qian Wu , Jun Liu , Zeqi Lai

A satellite internet provider (e.g., Starlink, OneWeb, O3b mPOWER), despite possessing the capability to provide internet services to on-ground users in a global scale, can dramatically change the way space missions are designed and…

Recently, mega-constellations with a massive number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are being considered as a possible solution for providing global coverage due to relatively low latency and high throughput compared to geosynchronous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Dong-Hyun Jung , Gyeongrae Im , Joon-Gyu Ryu , Seungkeun Park , Heejung Yu , Junil Choi

With the advent of the 6G era, global connectivity has become a common goal in the evolution of communications, aiming to bring Internet services to more unconnected regions. Additionally, the rise of applications such as the Internet of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Hao Lin , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) and ubiquitous connectivity are two usage scenarios of sixth generation (6G) networks. In this context, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, as an important component of 6G networks, is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Qi Wang , Xiaoming Chen , Qiao Qi , Mili Li , Wolfgang Gerstacker

The rapid development of communication technologies in the past decades has provided immense vertical opportunities for individuals and enterprises. However, conventional terrestrial cellular networks have unfortunately neglected the huge…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Shicong Liu , Zhen Gao , Yongpeng Wu , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Xiqi Gao , Kai-Kit Wong , Symeon Chatzinotas , Bjorn Ottersten

Low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellation satellite networks have shown great potential to extend the coverage capability of conventional terrestrial networks. How to systematically define, quantify, and assess the technical performance of…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Yu Wang , Chuili Kong , Xian Meng , Hejia Luo , Ke-Xin Li , Jun Wang

The next frontier towards truly ubiquitous connectivity is the use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small-satellite constellations to support 5G and Beyond-5G (B5G) networks. Besides enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and massive machine-type…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Maik Röper , Dirk Wübben , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

Delivering broadband connectivity to unconnected areas is extremely challenging. The emergence of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems has been seen as a potential solution for connecting remote areas. Despite the hype around these new…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-25 Osoro B. Ogutu , Edward J. Oughton

In recent years, the emergence of large-scale Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has introduced unprecedented opportunities for global connectivity. However, routing efficiency and inter-shell communication remain key challenges…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Hailong Su , Jinshu Su , Yusheng Xia , Haibin Li

In recent years, LEO satellite constellations have become envisioned as a core component of the next-generation wireless communication networks. The successive establishment of mega satellite constellations has triggered further demands for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Mega-constellations in Low Earth Orbit have the potential to revolutionise worldwide internet access. The concomitant potential of these mega-constellations to impact space sustainability, however, has prompted concern from space actors as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Calum Spring-Turner , Raj Thilak Rajan

Starlink has rapidly emerged as the world's largest satellite constellation and the de facto reference system for low Earth orbit (LEO) networking research. Existing literature predominantly models Starlink as a static, symmetric, and fully…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Muaz Ali , Utkarsh Upadhyay , Sean McCormick , Joseph Hill , Beichuan Zhang

The end-to-end connectivity patterns between two points on Earth are highly volatile if mediated via a Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation. This is rooted in the enormous speeds at which satellites in LEO must travel relative to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Gregory Stock , Juan A. Fraire , Santiago Henn , Holger Hermanns , Andreas Schmidt
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