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Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is an important variable for forecasting severe weather and understanding deep convection and precipitation. The latest versions of the Global Forecast System (GFS) and related Global Ensemble…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Zachary James , Joseph Guinness , Arthur DeGaetano

Variations in X-ray and EUV irradiance during solar flares lead to a noticeable increase in the electron concentration in the illuminated part of the Earth's ionosphere. Due to the large amount of experimental data accumulated by Global…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-22 Susanna Bekker , Ryan Milligan , Ilya Ryakhovsky

Reliable estimates of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), crucial for evaluating climate change initiatives, are currently only available from sparsely distributed eddy covariance tower sites. This limitation hampers access to reliable GPP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Rumi Nakagawa , Mary Chau , John Calzaretta , Trevor Keenan , Puya Vahabi , Alberto Todeschini , Maoya Bassiouni , Yanghui Kang

Vertical Total Electron Content (vTEC) is an ionospheric characteristic used to derive the signal delay imposed by the ionosphere on near-vertical trans-ionospheric links. The major aim of this paper is to design a prediction model based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Andreas Konstantinidis , Haris Haralambous , Alexandros Agapitos , Harris Papadopoulos

With an ever-increasing number of sensors in modern society, spatio-temporal time series forecasting has become a de facto tool to make informed decisions about the future. Most spatio-temporal forecasting models typically comprise distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Lars Ødegaard Bentsen , Narada Dilp Warakagoda , Roy Stenbro , Paal Engelstad

Cloud native solutions are widely applied in various fields, placing higher demands on the efficient management and utilization of resource platforms. To achieve the efficiency, load forecasting and elastic scaling have become crucial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Linfeng Wen , Minxian Xu , Adel N. Toosi , Kejiang Ye

Sparse meteorological forecasting is indispensable for fine-grained weather forecasting and deserves extensive attention. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of spatio-temporal graph convolutional networks (ST-GCNs) in predicting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Yutong Xiong , Xun Zhu , Ming Wu , Weiqing Li , Fanbin Mo , Chuang Zhang , Bin Zhang

Accurate traffic flow forecasting is essential for the development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), supporting tasks such as traffic signal optimization, congestion management, and route planning. Traditional models often fail…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhuo Zheng , Lingran Meng , Ziyu Lin

The integration of the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) in smart greenhouses has revolutionised precision agriculture by enabling efficient and autonomous environmental control. However, existing time series forecasting models in such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Muhammad Jawad Bashir , Shagufta Henna , Eoghan Furey

We report a data-parsimonious machine learning model for short-term forecasting of solar irradiance. The model inputs include sky camera images that are reduced to scalar features to meet data transmission constraints. The output irradiance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Joshua Edward Hammond , Ricardo A. Lara Orozco , Michael Baldea , Brian A. Korgel

Detecting and analyzing complex patterns in multivariate time-series data is crucial for decision-making in urban and environmental system operations. However, challenges arise from the high dimensionality, intricate complexity, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Haowen Xu , Ali Boyaci , Jianming Lian , Aaron Wilson

Space weather indices are used commonly to drive forecasts of thermosphere density, which directly affects objects in low-Earth orbit (LEO) through atmospheric drag. One of the most commonly used space weather proxies, $F_{10.7 cm}$,…

Space Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Joshua D. Daniell , Piyush M. Mehta

Forecasting geopolitical conflict from data sources like the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT) is a critical challenge for national security. The inherent sparsity, burstiness, and overdispersion of such data cause…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-27 Hsin-Hsiung Huang , Hayden Hampton

Accurate medium-range precipitation forecasting is crucial for hydrometeorological risk management and disaster mitigation, yet remains challenging for current numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Traditional ensemble systems such as…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Tianyi Xiong , Haonan Chen

We developed a new technology for global detection of atmospheric disturbances, on the basis of phase measurements of the total electron content (TEC) using an international GPS networks. Temporal dependencies of TEC are obtained for a set…

Geodetic time series -- such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positions, satellite altimetry-derived sea surface height (SSH), and tide gauge (TG) records -- is essential for monitoring surface deformation and sea level change.…

This work explores a dynamics-informed Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) as a data-driven surrogate for computationally intensive Earth system simulations. Focusing on multivariate time series describing global ocean transport, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Adeline Hillier , Jennifer Sleeman , Jay Brett , Caroline Tang , Jenelle Millison , Anand Gnanadesikan

Solar power harbors immense potential in mitigating climate change by substantially reducing CO$_{2}$ emissions. Nonetheless, the inherent variability of solar irradiance poses a significant challenge for seamlessly integrating solar power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Oussama Boussif , Ghait Boukachab , Dan Assouline , Stefano Massaroli , Tianle Yuan , Loubna Benabbou , Yoshua Bengio

Data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) models have made significant advancements in weather forecasting, particularly in medium-range and nowcasting. However, most data-driven weather forecasting models are black-box systems that focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Wanghan Xu , Fenghua Ling , Wenlong Zhang , Tao Han , Hao Chen , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

In this paper an attempt is made to verify the hypothesis on the role of geomagnetic disturbances as a factor determining the intensity of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). To improve the statistical validity of the data, we have…