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Related papers: KVComp: A High-Performance, LLM-Aware, Lossy Compr…

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Sequence-to-sequence tasks often benefit from long contexts, but the quadratic complexity of self-attention in standard Transformers renders this non-trivial. During generation, temporary representations -stored in the so-called KV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Vivek Chari , Guanghui Qin , Benjamin Van Durme

Large language model (LLM) applications often reuse previously processed context, such as chat history and documents, which introduces significant redundant computation. Existing LLM serving systems address such redundant computation by…

The linear growth of key-value (KV) cache memory and quadratic computational in attention mechanisms complexity pose significant bottlenecks for large language models (LLMs) in long-context processing. While existing KV cache optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xin Liu , Xudong Wang , Pei Liu , Guoming Tang

With the widespread deployment of long-context large language models (LLMs), there has been a growing demand for efficient support of high-throughput inference. However, as the key-value (KV) cache expands with the sequence length, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Hanshi Sun , Li-Wen Chang , Wenlei Bao , Size Zheng , Ningxin Zheng , Xin Liu , Harry Dong , Yuejie Chi , Beidi Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) face limitations due to the high demand on GPU memory and computational resources when handling long contexts. While sparsify the Key-Value (KV) cache of transformer model is a typical strategy to alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yumeng Wang , Zhenyang Xiao

The advent of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized various natural language processing tasks. These models predominantly employ an auto-regressive decoding mechanism that utilizes Key-Value (KV) caches to eliminate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Hao Yu , Zelan Yang , Shen Li , Yong Li , Jianxin Wu

With the growing demand for long-context LLMs across a wide range of applications, the key-value (KV) cache has become a critical bottleneck for both latency and memory usage. Recently, KV-cache offloading has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Andrey Bocharnikov , Ivan Ermakov , Denis Kuznedelev , Vyacheslav Zhdanovskiy , Yegor Yershov

Serving large language models (LLMs) at scale necessitates efficient key-value (KV) cache management. KV caches can be reused across conversation turns via shared-prefix prompts that are common in iterative code editing and chat. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Konrad Staniszewski , Adrian Łańcucki

The growing context length of Large Language Models (LLMs) enlarges the Key-Value (KV) cache, limiting deployment in resource-limited environments. Prior training-free approaches for KV cache compression typically rely on low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yixuan Wang , Qingyu Shi , Jiayu Zhou , Dianbo Liu , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in long-context tasks such as reasoning, code generation, and multi-turn dialogue. However, inference over extended contexts is bottlenecked by the Key-Value (KV) cache, whose memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Seonghwan Choi , Beomseok Kang , Dongwon Jo , Jae-Joon Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted to process long-context tasks. However, the large memory overhead of the key-value (KV) cache poses significant challenges in long-context scenarios. Existing training-free KV cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Luning Wang , Shiyao Li , Xuefei Ning , Zhihang Yuan , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Recent advances in long-text understanding have pushed the context length of large language models (LLMs) up to one million tokens. It boosts LLMs's accuracy and reasoning capacity but causes exorbitant computational costs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Huan Yang , Renji Zhang , Mingzhe Huang , Weijun Wang , Yin Tang , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu , Deyu Zhang

Modern large language models (LLMs) drive interactive AI systems but are bottlenecked by the memory-heavy growth of key-value (KV) caches, which limits real-time throughput under concurrent loads. Existing KV-cache compression methods rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Joseph Kampeas , Emir Haleva

Key-value (KV) caching is critical for efficient inference in large language models (LLMs), yet its memory footprint scales linearly with context length, resulting in a severe scalability bottleneck. Existing approaches largely treat KV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gradwell Dzikanyanga , Weihao Yang , Hao Huang , Donglei Wu , Shihao Wang , Wen Xia , Sanjeeb K C

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems are increasingly adopted for complex language processing tasks that require communication and coordination among agents. However, these systems often suffer substantial overhead from repeated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hancheng Ye , Zhengqi Gao , Mingyuan Ma , Qinsi Wang , Yuzhe Fu , Ming-Yu Chung , Yueqian Lin , Zhijian Liu , Jianyi Zhang , Danyang Zhuo , Yiran Chen

While large language models (LLMs) excel at handling long-context sequences, they require substantial prefill computation and key-value (KV) cache, which can heavily burden computational efficiency and memory usage in both prefill and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dongwon Jo , Jiwon Song , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-Joon Kim

The Key-Value (KV) cache is central to the efficiency of transformer-based large language models (LLMs), storing previously computed vectors to accelerate inference. Yet, as sequence length and batch size grow, the cache becomes a major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Damien Lesens , Beheshteh T. Rakhshan , Guillaume Rabusseau

Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires caching a growing list of past key-value (KV) pairs, making long-context inference a memory-bound problem. While recent methods have explored quantizing the cache, evicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Harshil Vejendla

Large Language Models (LLMs) confront significant memory challenges due to the escalating KV cache with increasing sequence length. As a crucial technique, existing cross-layer KV cache sharing methods either necessitate modified model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yixuan Wang , Haoyu Qiao , Lujun Li , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can theoretically support extensive context windows, their actual deployment is constrained by the linear growth of Key-Value (KV) cache memory. Prevailing compression strategies mitigate this through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Aryan Sood , Tanvi Sharma , Vansh Agrawal