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The dominant approach to generating from language models subject to some constraint is locally constrained decoding (LCD), incrementally sampling tokens at each time step such that the constraint is never violated. Typically, this is…

One of the long-standing goals in optimisation and constraint programming is to describe a problem in natural language and automatically obtain an executable, efficient model. Large language models appear to bring this vision closer,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Alessio Pellegrino , Jacopo Mauro

Large language models (LLMs), despite their impressive performance across a wide range of tasks, often struggle to balance two competing objectives in open-ended text generation: fostering diversity and creativity while preserving logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Erfan Baghaei Potraghloo , Seyedarmin Azizi , Souvik Kundu , Massoud Pedram

To ensure that text generated by large language models (LLMs) is in an expected format, constrained decoding proposes to enforce strict formal language constraints during generation. However, as we show in this work, not only do such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Luca Beurer-Kellner , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to support software development tasks, e.g., through code completion or code generation. However, their effectiveness drops significantly when considering less popular programming languages such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-06 David Delgado , Lola Burgueño , Robert Clarisó

Recent work has shown that generation from a prompted or fine-tuned language model can perform well at semantic parsing when the output is constrained to be a valid semantic representation. We introduce BenchCLAMP, a Benchmark to evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Subhro Roy , Sam Thomson , Tongfei Chen , Richard Shin , Adam Pauls , Jason Eisner , Benjamin Van Durme

The success of several constraint-based modeling languages such as OPL, ZINC, or COMET, appeals for better software engineering practices, particularly in the testing phase. This paper introduces a testing framework enabling automated test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Nadjib Lazaar , Arnaud Gotlieb , Lebbah Yahia

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their potential in various natural language processing tasks, including code generation. However, while significant progress has been made in adapting LLMs to generate code for several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Erica Coppolillo , Francesco Calimeri , Giuseppe Manco , Simona Perri , Francesco Ricca

Code provides a general syntactic structure to build complex programs and perform precise computations when paired with a code interpreter - we hypothesize that language models (LMs) can leverage code-writing to improve Chain of Thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Chengshu Li , Jacky Liang , Andy Zeng , Xinyun Chen , Karol Hausman , Dorsa Sadigh , Sergey Levine , Li Fei-Fei , Fei Xia , Brian Ichter

LLMs used for code generation are typically guided by engineering constraints--technology choices, dependency restrictions, and architectural patterns--expressed in verbose natural language. We investigate whether compact, structured…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Hanzhang Tang

This paper presents a verification framework based on a new class of predicate Constraint Satisfaction Problems called pCSP where constraints are represented as clauses modulo first-order theories over function variables and predicate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Hiroshi Unno , Yuki Satake , Tachio Terauchi , Eric Koskinen

The generation of large, high-quality datasets for code understanding and generation remains a significant challenge, particularly when aligning decompiled binaries with their original source code. To address this, we present CodableLLM, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Dylan Manuel , Paul Rad

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems, central to operation research and theoretical computer science, present significant computational challenges due to their NP-hard nature. While large language models (LLMs) have emerged as promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xijun Li , Jiexiang Yang , Jinghao Wang , Bo Peng , Jianguo Yao , Haibing Guan

A set of linearly constrained permutation matrices are proposed for constructing a class of permutation codes. Making use of linear constraints imposed on the permutation matrices, we can formulate a minimum Euclidian distance decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Tadashi Wadayama , Manabu Hagiwara

Constrained text generation remains a challenging task, particularly when dealing with hard constraints. Traditional NLP approaches prioritize generating meaningful and coherent output. Also, the current state-of-the-art methods often lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Alexandre Bonlarron , Jean-Charles Régin

Code generation under long contexts is becoming increasingly critical as Large Language Models (LLMs) are required to reason over extensive information in the codebase. While recent advances enable code LLMs to process long inputs, high API…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yuling Shi , Yichun Qian , Hongyu Zhang , Beijun Shen , Xiaodong Gu

Advancements in natural language generation (NLG) and large language models (LLMs) have led to proficient text generation in various tasks. However, integrating intricate constraints into neural text generation, due to LLMs' opacity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiang Chen , Xiaojun Wan

Lexically constrained text generation is one of the constrained text generation tasks, which aims to generate text that covers all the given constraint lexicons. While the existing approaches tackle this problem using a lexically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Hayate Iso

Program synthesis or code generation aims to generate a program that satisfies a problem specification. Recent approaches using large-scale pretrained language models (LMs) have shown promising results, yet they have some critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Hung Le , Yue Wang , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Silvio Savarese , Steven C. H. Hoi

Algorithmic reasoning refers to the ability to understand the complex patterns behind the problem and decompose them into a sequence of reasoning steps towards the solution. Such nature of algorithmic reasoning makes it a challenge for…