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A recent trend in vision-language models (VLMs) has been to enhance their spatial cognition for embodied domains. Despite progress, existing evaluations have been limited both in paradigm and in coverage, hindering rapid, iterative model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yanpeng Zhao , Wentao Ding , Hongtao Li , Baoxiong Jia , Zilong Zheng

Spatial reasoning, the ability to understand and interpret the 3D structure of the world, is a critical yet underdeveloped capability in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Current methods predominantly rely on verbal descriptive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Meng Cao , Haokun Lin , Haoyuan Li , Haoran Tang , Rongtao Xu , Dong An , Xue Liu , Ian Reid , Xiaodan Liang

Multimodal embedding models have been crucial in enabling various downstream tasks such as semantic similarity, information retrieval, and clustering over different modalities. However, existing multimodal embeddings like VLM2Vec, E5-V, GME…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Rui Meng , Ziyan Jiang , Ye Liu , Mingyi Su , Xinyi Yang , Yuepeng Fu , Can Qin , Zeyuan Chen , Ran Xu , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou , Wenhu Chen , Semih Yavuz

While Multimodal Large Language Models demonstrate impressive semantic capabilities, they often suffer from spatial blindness, struggling with fine-grained geometric reasoning and physical dynamics. Existing solutions typically rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xianjin Wu , Dingkang Liang , Tianrui Feng , Kui Xia , Yumeng Zhang , Xiaofan Li , Xiao Tan , Xiang Bai

Humans can perceive and reason about spatial relationships from sequential visual observations, such as egocentric video streams. However, how pretrained models acquire such abilities, especially high-level reasoning, remains unclear. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Baining Zhao , Ziyou Wang , Jianjie Fang , Chen Gao , Fanhang Man , Jinqiang Cui , Xin Wang , Xinlei Chen , Yong Li , Wenwu Zhu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning about visual content, but significant challenges persist in tasks requiring cross-viewpoint understanding and spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dingming Li , Hongxing Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Shengpei Jiang , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) show strong multimodal understanding but still struggle with 3D spatial reasoning, such as distance estimation, size comparison, and cross-view consistency. Existing 3D-aware methods either depend on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Ruosen Zhao , Zhikang Zhang , Jialei Xu , Jiahao Chang , Dong Chen , Lingyun Li , Weijian Sun , Zizhuang Wei

Visual reasoning, particularly spatial reasoning, is a challenging cognitive task that requires understanding object relationships and their interactions within complex environments, especially in robotics domain. Existing vision_language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Simindokht Jahangard , Mehrzad Mohammadi , Abhinav Dhall , Hamid Rezatofighi

This thesis introduces "Embodied Spatial Intelligence" to address the challenge of creating robots that can perceive and act in the real world based on natural language instructions. To bridge the gap between Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiading Fang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) excel at identifying and describing objects but often fail at spatial reasoning. We study why VLMs, such as LLaVA, underutilize spatial cues despite having positional encodings and spatially rich vision encoder…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jianing Qi , Jiawei Liu , Hao Tang , Zhigang Zhu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of vision-language tasks. However, their performance as embodied agents, which requires multi-round dialogue spatial reasoning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xunyi Zhao , Gengze Zhou , Qi Wu

Human drivers adeptly navigate complex scenarios by utilizing rich attentional semantics, but the current autonomous systems struggle to replicate this ability, as they often lose critical semantic information when converting 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Pei Liu , Haipeng Liu , Haichao Liu , Xin Liu , Jinxin Ni , Jun Ma

Embodied navigation for long-horizon tasks, guided by complex natural language instructions, remains a formidable challenge in artificial intelligence. Existing agents often struggle with robust long-term planning about unseen environments,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Fei Liu , Shichao Xie , Minghua Luo , Zedong Chu , Junjun Hu , Xiaolong Wu , Mu Xu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced static visual--spatial reasoning, yet they often fail to preserve long-horizon spatial coherence in embodied settings where beliefs must be continuously revised from egocentric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Chih-Ting Liao , Xi Xiao , Chunlei Meng , Zhangquan Chen , Yitong Qiao , Weilin Zhou , Tianyang Wang , Xu Zheng , Xin Cao

In recent years, learning-based underwater image enhancement (UIE) techniques have rapidly evolved. However, distribution shifts between high-quality enhanced outputs and natural images can hinder semantic cue extraction for downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Guodong Fan , Shengning Zhou , Genji Yuan , Huiyu Li , Jingchun Zhou , Jinjiang Li

An embodied task such as embodied question answering (EmbodiedQA), requires an agent to explore the environment and collect clues to answer a given question that related with specific objects in the scene. The solution of such task usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yang Wu , Shirui Feng , Guanbin Li , Liang Lin

Vision-language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in advancing general artificial intelligence, yet the irrational encoding of visual positions persists in inhibiting the models' comprehensive perception performance across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zhanpeng Chen , Mingxiao Li , Ziyang Chen , Nan Du , Xiaolong Li , Yuexian Zou

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made significant strides in static image understanding but continue to face critical hurdles in spatiotemporal reasoning. A major bottleneck is "multi-image reasoning hallucination", where a massive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoda Yang , Shuai Yang , Can Wang , Jingyang Xue , Menglan Tang , Checheng Yu , Xunzhe Zhou , Sashuai Zhou , Tao Jin , Lixin Yang , Xiangyu Yue , Zhou Zhao

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made groundbreaking progress in embodied intelligence, they still face significant challenges in spatial reasoning for complex long-horizon tasks. To address this gap, we propose…

In vision-language pre-training (VLP), masked image modeling (MIM) has recently been introduced for fine-grained cross-modal alignment. However, in most existing methods, the reconstruction targets for MIM lack high-level semantics, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Haowei Liu , Yaya Shi , Haiyang Xu , Chunfeng Yuan , Qinghao Ye , Chenliang Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Bing Li , Weiming Hu