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Large language models (LLMs) show promising capabilities in predicting human emotions from text. However, the mechanisms through which these models process emotional stimuli remain largely unexplored. Our study addresses this gap by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ala N. Tak , Amin Banayeeanzade , Anahita Bolourani , Mina Kian , Robin Jia , Jonathan Gratch

Establishing stable mappings between natural language expressions and visual percepts is a foundational problem for both cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Humans routinely ground linguistic reference in noisy, ambiguous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Joseph Bingham

Learning models of artificial intelligence can nowadays perform very well on a large variety of tasks. However, in practice different task environments are best handled by different learning models, rather than a single, universal,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-31 Adi Makmal , Alexey A. Melnikov , Vedran Dunjko , Hans J. Briegel

Machine learning is a field of computer science that builds algorithms that learn. In many cases, machine learning algorithms are used to recreate a human ability like adding a caption to a photo, driving a car, or playing a game. While the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Ruth Fong , Walter Scheirer , David Cox

Intelligent systems must maintain and manipulate task-relevant information online to adapt to dynamic environments and changing goals. This capacity, known as working memory, is fundamental to human reasoning and intelligence. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hua-Dong Xiong , Li Ji-An , Jiaqi Huang , Robert C. Wilson , Kwonjoon Lee , Xue-Xin Wei

In this paper, we make a review on the concepts of rationality across several different fields, namely in economics, psychology and evolutionary biology and behavioural ecology. We review how processes like natural selection can help us…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Catarina Moreira

Understanding how people behave in strategic settings--where they make decisions based on their expectations about the behavior of others--is a long-standing problem in the behavioral sciences. We conduct the largest study to date of…

General Economics · Economics 2024-08-16 Jian-Qiao Zhu , Joshua C. Peterson , Benjamin Enke , Thomas L. Griffiths

In order for AI systems to communicate effectively with people, they must understand how we make decisions. However, people's decisions are not always rational, so the implicit internal models of human decision-making in Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ryan Liu , Jiayi Geng , Joshua C. Peterson , Ilia Sucholutsky , Thomas L. Griffiths

We explore how physical scale and population size shape the emergence of complex behaviors in open-ended ecological environments. In our setting, agents are unsupervised and have no explicit rewards or learning objectives but instead evolve…

A critical challenge remains unresolved as generative AI systems are quickly implemented in various organizational settings. Despite significant advances in memory components such as RAG, vector stores, and LLM agents, these systems still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Kristy Wedel

We introduce Meta-Reasoning Prompting (MRP), a novel and efficient system prompting method for large language models (LLMs) inspired by human meta-reasoning. Traditional in-context learning-based reasoning techniques, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Peizhong Gao , Ao Xie , Shaoguang Mao , Wenshan Wu , Yan Xia , Haipeng Mi , Furu Wei

Scientists often use observational time series data to study complex natural processes, but regression analyses often assume simplistic dynamics. Recent advances in deep learning have yielded startling improvements to the performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Cory Shain , William Schuler

Human decision-making deviates from the optimal solution, that maximizes cumulative rewards, in many situations. Here we approach this discrepancy from the perspective of bounded rationality and our goal is to provide a justification for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Marcel Binz , Dominik Endres

In the present study, we investigate and compare reasoning in large language models (LLM) and humans using a selection of cognitive psychology tools traditionally dedicated to the study of (bounded) rationality. To do so, we presented to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Nicolas Yax , Hernan Anlló , Stefano Palminteri

Learning new skills by observing humans' behaviors is an essential capability of AI. In this work, we leverage instructional videos to study humans' decision-making processes, focusing on learning a model to plan goal-directed actions in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Jing Bi , Jiebo Luo , Chenliang Xu

Providing accurate/suitable information on behaviors in sma\-rt environments is a challenging and crucial task in pervasive computing where context-awareness and pro-activity are of fundamental importance. Behavioral identifications enable…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-01-21 Radoslaw Klimek

Decision analysis deals with modeling and enhancing decision processes. A principal challenge in improving behavior is in obtaining a transparent description of existing behavior in the first place. In this paper, we develop an expressive,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-31 Daniel Jarrett , Alihan Hüyük , Mihaela van der Schaar

Meta reasoning behaviors work as a skeleton to guide large language model (LLM) reasoning, thus help to improve reasoning performance. However, prior researches implement meta reasoning skeleton with manually designed structure, limiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ziying Zhang , Yaqing Wang , Quanming Yao

Many natural language processing (NLP) tasks involve subjectivity, ambiguity, or legitimate disagreement between annotators. In this paper, we outline our system for modeling human variation. Our system leverages language models' (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Taylor Sorensen , Yejin Choi

The modeling of environmental ecosystems plays a pivotal role in the sustainable management of our planet. Accurate prediction of key environmental variables over space and time can aid in informed policy and decision-making, thus improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Haoran Li , Junqi Liu , Zexian Wang , Shiyuan Luo , Xiaowei Jia , Huaxiu Yao