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Extracting cybersecurity entities such as attackers and vulnerabilities from unstructured network texts is an important part of security analysis. However, the sparsity of intelligence data resulted from the higher frequency variations and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Peipei Liu , Hong Li , Zuoguang Wang , Jie Liu , Yimo Ren , Hongsong Zhu

Protecting cloud applications is critical in an era where security threats are increasingly sophisticated and persistent. Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines are particularly vulnerable, making innovative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Sabbir M. Saleh , Nazim Madhavji , John Steinbacher

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing tasks, particularly as chat agents. However, their applicability to threat detection problems remains unclear. This paper examines the feasibility of employing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Paul R. B. Houssel , Priyanka Singh , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

Information security is facing increasingly severe challenges, and traditional protection means are difficult to cope with complex and changing threats. In recent years, as an emerging intelligent technology, large language models (LLMs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chang Gong , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to solve cybersecurity problems has been gaining traction within industry and academia, in part as a response to widespread malware attacks on critical systems, such as cloud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Maanak Gupta , Sudip Mittal , Mahmoud Abdelsalam

With the growing use of information technology in all life domains, hacking has become more negatively effective than ever before. Also with developing technologies, attacks numbers are growing exponentially every few months and become more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Khloud Al Jallad , Mohamad Aljnidi , Mohammad Said Desouki

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly increased the complexity and volume of cybersecurity threats, necessitating the development of advanced, scalable, and interpretable security frameworks. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Sudipto Baral , Sajal Saha , Anwar Haque

Log analysis is a relevant research field in cybersecurity as they can provide a source of information for the detection of threats to networks and systems. This paper presents a pipeline to use fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Jorge J. Tejero-Fernández , Alfonso Sánchez-Macián

Smart city improved the quality of life for the citizens by implementing information communication technology (ICT) such as the internet of things (IoT). Nevertheless, the smart city is a critical environment that needs to secure it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Najla Al-Taleb , Nazar Abbas Saqib , Atta-ur-Rahman , Sujata Dash

Large Language Models (LLMs) & Generative AI are transforming cybersecurity, enabling both advanced defenses and new attacks. Organizations now use LLMs for threat detection, code review, and DevSecOps automation, while adversaries leverage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kiarash Ahi , Vaibhav Agrawal , Saeed Valizadeh

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is the knowledge of cyber and physical threats that help mitigate potential cyber attacks. The rapid evolution of the current threat landscape has seen many organisations share CTI to strengthen their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Kealan Dunnett , Shantanu Pal , Guntur Dharma Putra , Zahra Jadidi , Raja Jurdak

The evolution of Generative AI and the capabilities of the newly released Large Language Models (LLMs) open new opportunities in software engineering. However, they also lead to new challenges in cybersecurity. Recently, researchers have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Mika Beckerich , Laura Plein , Sergio Coronado

Ontologies are essential for structuring domain knowledge, improving accessibility, sharing, and reuse. However, traditional ontology construction relies on manual annotation and conventional natural language processing (NLP) techniques,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Liu , Ziyu Li , Mu He , Ziyang Ma , Xiaoxu Wu , Gizem Yilmaz , Yiyuan Xia , Bingbing Li , He Tan , Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh , Wen Feng Lu , Anders E. W. Jarfors , Per Jansson

Ontologies are useful for automatic machine processing of domain knowledge as they represent it in a structured format. Yet, constructing ontologies requires substantial manual effort. To automate part of this process, large language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Andy Lo , Albert Q. Jiang , Wenda Li , Mateja Jamnik

Threat hunting analyzes large, noisy, high-dimensional data to find sparse adversarial behavior. We believe adversarial activities, however they are disguised, are extremely difficult to completely obscure in high dimensional space. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Alaric Hartsock , Luiz Manella Pereira , Glenn Fink

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains. However, their potential to generate harmful responses has raised significant societal and regulatory concerns, especially when manipulated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Advait Yadav , Haibo Jin , Man Luo , Jun Zhuang , Haohan Wang

As cloud environments become increasingly complex, cybersecurity and forensic investigations must evolve to meet emerging threats. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in automating log analysis and reasoning tasks, yet they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Dalal Alharthi , Ivan Roberto Kawaminami Garcia

Large Language Models (LLMs) are set to reshape cybersecurity by augmenting red and blue team operations. Red teams can exploit LLMs to plan attacks, craft phishing content, simulate adversaries, and generate exploit code. Conversely, blue…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Alsharif Abuadbba , Chris Hicks , Kristen Moore , Vasilios Mavroudis , Burak Hasircioglu , Diksha Goel , Piers Jennings

In an era where digital threats are increasingly sophisticated, the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and cybersecurity presents both promising defenses and potent dangers. This paper delves into the escalating threat posed by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yusuf Usman , Aadesh Upadhyay , Prashnna Gyawali , Robin Chataut

With the proliferation of digitization and its usage in critical sectors, it is necessary to include information about the occurrence and assessment of cyber threats in an organization's threat mitigation strategy. This Cyber Threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Alfonso Iacovazzi , Han Wang , Ismail Butun , Shahid Raza