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Class imbalance is an inherent problem in many machine learning classification tasks. This often leads to trained models that are unusable for any practical purpose. In this study we explore an unsupervised approach to address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Ademola Okerinde , Lior Shamir , William Hsu , Tom Theis , Nasik Nafi

Class imbalance (CI) in classification problems arises when the number of observations belonging to one class is lower than the other. Ensemble learning combines multiple models to obtain a robust model and has been prominently used with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Azal Ahmad Khan , Omkar Chaudhari , Rohitash Chandra

Real-world datasets are often highly class-imbalanced, which can adversely impact the performance of deep learning models. The majority of research on training neural networks under class imbalance has focused on specialized loss functions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Micah Goldblum , Yucen Lily Li , C. Bayan Bruss , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Pattern recognition applications often suffer from skewed data distributions between classes, which may vary during operations w.r.t. the design data. Two-class classification systems designed using skewed data tend to recognize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Roghayeh Soleymani , Eric Granger , Giorgio Fumera

The task of roof damage classification and segmentation from overhead imagery presents unique challenges. In this work we choose to address the challenge posed due to strong class imbalance. We propose four distinct techniques that aim at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Jean-Baptiste Boin , Nat Roth , Jigar Doshi , Pablo Llueca , Nicolas Borensztein

Class imbalance in real-world data poses a common bottleneck for machine learning tasks, since achieving good generalization on under-represented examples is often challenging. Mitigation strategies, such as under or oversampling the data…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-03 Emanuele Loffredo , Mauro Pastore , Simona Cocco , Rémi Monasson

Monitoring network traffic to maintain the quality of service (QoS) and to detect network intrusions in a timely and efficient manner is essential. As network traffic is sequential, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) such as long short-term…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Muhammad Wasim Nawaz , Rashid Munawar , Ahsan Mehmood , Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman , Qammer H. Abbasi

Class-imbalance refers to classification problems in which many more instances are available for certain classes than for others. Such imbalanced datasets require special attention because traditional classifiers generally favor the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-30 Rafael M. O. Cruz , Robert Sabourin , George D. C. Cavalcanti

Imbalanced datasets are ubiquitous. Classification performance on imbalanced datasets is generally poor for the minority class as the classifier cannot learn decision boundaries well. However, in sensitive applications like fraud detection,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Vishwa Karia , Wenhao Zhang , Arash Naeim , Ramin Ramezani

Class imbalance poses a challenge for developing unbiased, accurate predictive models. In particular, in image segmentation neural networks may overfit to the foreground samples from small structures, which are often heavily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Zeju Li , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Ben Glocker

Class-imbalance is an inherent characteristic of multi-label data which affects the prediction accuracy of most multi-label learning methods. One efficient strategy to deal with this problem is to employ resampling techniques before…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Bin Liu , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Classification imbalance arises when one class is much rarer than the other. We frame this setting as transfer learning under label (prior) shift between an imbalanced source distribution induced by the observed data and a balanced target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-16 Eric Xia , Jason M. Klusowski

Fraud detection is a challenging task due to the changing nature of fraud patterns over time and the limited availability of fraud examples to learn such sophisticated patterns. Thus, fraud detection with the aid of smart versions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Mary Isangediok , Kelum Gajamannage

Class imbalance, overlap, and noise degrade data quality, reduce model reliability, and limit generalization. Although widely studied in binary classification, these issues remain underexplored in multi-class settings, where complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Soufiane Bacha , Laouni Djafri , Sahraoui Dhelim , Huansheng Ning

One possible approach to tackle the class imbalance in classification tasks is to resample a training dataset, i.e., to drop some of its elements or to synthesize new ones. There exist several widely-used resampling methods. Recent research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Smolyakov Dmitry , Alexander Korotin , Pavel Erofeev , Artem Papanov , Evgeny Burnaev

Class imbalance problem is commonly faced while developing machine learning models for real-life issues. Due to this problem, the fitted model tends to be biased towards the majority class data, which leads to lower precision, recall, AUC,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Md. Adnan Arefeen , Sumaiya Tabassum Nimi , M Sohel Rahman

The effectiveness of machine learning models, particularly in unbalanced classification tasks, is often hindered by the failure to differentiate between critical instances near the decision boundary and redundant samples concentrated in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Samir Brahim Belhaouari , Yunis Carreon Kahalan , Humaira Shaffique , Ismael Belhaouari , Ashhadul Islam

Fault localization (FL) analyzes the execution information of a test suite to pinpoint the root cause of a failure. The class imbalance of a test suite, i.e., the imbalanced class proportion between passing test cases (i.e., majority class)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Yan Lei , Tiantian Wen , Huan Xie , Lingfeng Fu , Chunyan Liu , Lei Xu , Hongxia Sun

In this paper, we propose a balancing training method to address problems in imbalanced data learning. To this end, we derive a new loss used in the balancing training phase that alleviates the influence of samples that cause an overfitted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Seulki Park , Jongin Lim , Younghan Jeon , Jin Young Choi

The number of credit card fraud has been growing as technology grows and people can take advantage of it. Therefore, it is very important to implement a robust and effective method to detect such frauds. The machine learning algorithms are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Sairamvinay Vijayaraghavan , Terry Guan , Jason , Song