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Large language models (LLMs) have shown immense potential across various domains, but their high memory requirements and inference costs remain critical challenges for deployment. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianyi Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a practical route to deploy reasoning-capable LLMs under tight memory and latency budgets, yet it can markedly impair mathematical reasoning (drops up to 69.81% in our harder settings). We address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Songmiao Wang , Runming Yang , Congkai Xie , Aofan Liu , Ming Li , Jiannong Cao , Yuan Xie , Ngai Wong , Hongxia Yang

Large language models (LLMs) face the challenges in fine-tuning and deployment due to their high memory demands and computational costs. While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods aim to reduce the memory usage of the optimizer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jeonghoon Kim , Jung Hyun Lee , Sungdong Kim , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Network quantization has gained increasing attention with the rapid growth of large pre-trained language models~(PLMs). However, most existing quantization methods for PLMs follow quantization-aware training~(QAT) that requires end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Haoli Bai , Lu Hou , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu

Quantization is an indispensable technique for serving Large Language Models (LLMs) and has recently found its way into LoRA fine-tuning. In this work we focus on the scenario where quantization and LoRA fine-tuning are applied together on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yixiao Li , Yifan Yu , Chen Liang , Pengcheng He , Nikos Karampatziakis , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising solution for deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained devices. Early methods developed for small-scale networks, such as ResNet, rely on gradient-based optimization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Junhan Kim , Ho-young Kim , Eulrang Cho , Chungman Lee , Joonyoung Kim , Yongkweon Jeon

A growing trend has emerged in designing high-quality Small Language Models (SLMs) with a few million parameters. This trend is driven by the increasing concerns over cloud costs, privacy, and latency. Considering that full parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Xuan Shen , Peiyan Dong , Zhenglun Kong , Yifan Gong , Changdi Yang , Zhaoyang Han , Yanyue Xie , Lei Lu , Cheng Lyu , Chao Wu , Yanzhi Wang , Pu Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance across a wide range of NLP tasks, but their massive sizes hinder deployment on resource-constrained devices. To reduce their computational and memory burden, various compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Dung Anh Hoang , Cuong Pham , Cuong Nguyen , Trung le , Jianfei Cai , Thanh-Toan Do

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP, but their demands hinder their widespread deployment. While Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) offers a solution, its extensive training costs make Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) a more practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Jing Liu , Ruihao Gong , Xiuying Wei , Zhiwei Dong , Jianfei Cai , Bohan Zhuang

Quantization-aware training (QAT) schemes have been shown to achieve near-full precision accuracy. They accomplish this by training a quantized model for multiple epochs. This is computationally expensive, mainly because of the full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Saleh Ashkboos , Bram Verhoef , Torsten Hoefler , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Martino Dazzi

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained devices, yet it renders models static and difficult to fine-tune. Standard fine-tuning paradigms, including Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yinggan Xu , Risto Miikkulainen , Xin Qiu

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices like the Raspberry Pi presents challenges in computational efficiency, power consumption, and response latency. This paper explores quantization-based optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Mahsa Ardakani , Jinendra Malekar , Ramtin Zand

Quantization is a key method for reducing the GPU memory requirement of training large language models (LLMs). Yet, current approaches are ineffective for 4-bit activations and 8-bit gradients, which would easily cause slow convergence or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenxiang Lin , Juntao Huang , Luhan Zhang , Laili Li , Xiang Bao , Mengyang Zhang , Bing Wang , Shaohuai Shi

With the commercialization of large language models (LLMs), weight-activation quantization has emerged to compress and accelerate LLMs, achieving high throughput while reducing inference costs. However, existing post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jung Hyun Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , June Yong Yang , Se Jung Kwon , Eunho Yang , Kang Min Yoo , Dongsoo Lee

Quantization techniques are pivotal in reducing the memory and computational demands of deep neural network inference. Existing solutions, such as ZeroQuant, offer dynamic quantization for models like BERT and GPT but overlook crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Zhewei Yao , Reza Yazdani Aminabadi , Stephen Youn , Xiaoxia Wu , Elton Zheng , Yuxiong He

Due to their large size, generative Large Language Models (LLMs) require significant computing and storage resources. This paper introduces a new post-training quantization method, GPTQT, to reduce memory usage and enhance processing speed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yipin Guo , Yilin Lang , Qinyuan Ren

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained prominence in various visual and multimodal tasks, yet the deployment of VLMs on downstream application platforms remains challenging due to their prohibitive requirements of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Huixin Sun , Runqi Wang , Yanjing Li , Xianbin Cao , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Baochang Zhang

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption of deep learning models. However, existing quantization methods suffer from accuracy degradation compared to full-precision (FP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

Large language models (LLMs) have wide applications in the field of natural language processing(NLP), such as GPT-4 and Llama. However, with the exponential growth of model parameter sizes, LLMs bring significant resource overheads. Low-bit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Liangdong Liu , Zhitong Zheng , Cong Wang , Tianhuang Su , Zhenyu Yang