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Anomalies in emails such as phishing and spam present major security risks such as the loss of privacy, money, and brand reputation to both individuals and organizations. Previous studies on email anomaly detection relied on a single type…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Craig Beaman , Haruna Isah

A large part of modern day communications are carried out through the medium of E-mails, especially corporate communications. More and more people are using E-mail for personal uses too. Companies also send notifications to their customers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Gaurav Ojha , Gaurav Kumar Tak

The proliferation of AI-generated text has intensified the need for reliable authorship verification, yet current output-based methods are increasingly unreliable. We observe that the ordinary typing interface captures rich cognitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 David Condrey

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, such as backdoor attacks in which a malicious adversary compromises a model during training such that specific behaviour can be triggered at test time by attaching a specific word…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 You Guo , Jun Wang , Trevor Cohn

Authorship verification tries to answer the question if two documents with unknown authors were written by the same author or not. A range of successful technical approaches has been proposed for this task, many of which are based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Benedikt Boenninghoff , Robert M. Nickel , Steffen Zeiler , Dorothea Kolossa

Authorship identification has proven unsettlingly effective in inferring the identity of the author of an unsigned document, even when sensitive personal information has been carefully omitted. In the digital era, individuals leave a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Haining Wang

Phishing attacks have become a serious and challenging issue for detection, explanation, and defense. Despite more than a decade of research on phishing, encompassing both technical and non-technical remedies, phishing continues to be a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Van Nguyen , Tingmin Wu , Xingliang Yuan , Marthie Grobler , Surya Nepal , Carsten Rudolph

Identifying deceptive content like phishing emails demands sophisticated cognitive processes that combine pattern recognition, confidence assessment, and contextual analysis. This research examines how human cognition and machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Paras Jain , Khushi Dhar , Olyemi E. Amujo , Esa M. Rantanen

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to detect phishing emails is primarily dependent on large-scale centralized datasets, which opens it up to a myriad of privacy, trust, and legal issues. Moreover, organizations are loathed to share…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Chandra Thapa , Jun Wen Tang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Yansong Gao , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal , Mahathir Almashor , Yifeng Zheng

A genuine signer's signature is naturally unstable even at short time-intervals whereas, expert forgers always try to perfectly mimic a genuine signer's signature. This presents a challenge which puts a genuine signer at risk of being…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Paul Brimoh , Chollette C. Olisah

Binary code authorship identification determines authors of a binary program. Existing techniques have used supervised machine learning for this task. In this paper, we look this problem from an attacker's perspective. We aim to modify a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Xiaozhu Meng , Barton P. Miller , Somesh Jha

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for ownership verification of deep neural network (DNN) models for image classification tasks. It allows verification of model identity by both the rightful owner and third party without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Teruki Sano , Minoru Kuribayashi , Masao Sakai , Shuji Isobe , Eisuke Koizumi

Email is a channel of communication which is considered to be a confidential medium of communication for exchange of information among individuals and organisations. The confidentiality consideration about e-mail is no longer the case as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Nmachi Peace Wosah , Thomas Win

Phishing attacks on enterprise employees present one of the most costly and potent threats to organizations. We explore an understudied facet of enterprise phishing attacks: the email relay infrastructure behind successfully delivered…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Elisa Luo , Liane Young , Grant Ho , M. H. Afifi , Marco Schweighauser , Ethan Katz-Bassett , Asaf Cidon

Authorship verification (AV), the task of determining whether a questioned text was written by a specific individual, is a critical part of forensic linguistics. While manual authorial impersonation by perpetrators has long been a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Baoyi Zeng , Andrea Nini

Natural Language Processing (NLP) models based on Machine Learning (ML) are susceptible to adversarial attacks -- malicious algorithms that imperceptibly modify input text to force models into making incorrect predictions. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Salijona Dyrmishi , Salah Ghamizi , Maxime Cordy

Neural networks have been widely applied in security applications such as spam and phishing detection, intrusion prevention, and malware detection. This black-box method, however, often has uncertainty and poor explainability in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Mark Huasong Meng , Guangdong Bai , Sin Gee Teo , Zhe Hou , Yan Xiao , Yun Lin , Jin Song Dong

In response to adversarial text attacks, attack detection models have been proposed and shown to successfully identify text modified by adversaries. Attack detection models can be leveraged to provide an additional check for NLP models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Jonathan Rusert

Spear phishing is a complex targeted attack in which, an attacker harvests information about the victim prior to the attack. This information is then used to create sophisticated, genuine-looking attack vectors, drawing the victim to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Prateek Dewan , Anand Kashyap , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Adversarial examples pose a security threat to many critical systems built on neural networks (such as face recognition systems, and self-driving cars). While many methods have been proposed to build robust models, how to build certifiably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ruihan Zhang , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun