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As machine learning models continue to achieve impressive performance across different tasks, the importance of effective anomaly detection for such models has increased as well. It is common knowledge that even well-trained models lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ramneet Kaur , Xiayan Ji , Souradeep Dutta , Michele Caprio , Yahan Yang , Elena Bernardis , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

It is an important problem in trustworthy machine learning to recognize out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs which are inputs unrelated to the in-distribution task. Many out-of-distribution detection methods have been suggested in recent years.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Julian Bitterwolf , Alexander Meinke , Maximilian Augustin , Matthias Hein

A serious problem in image classification is that a trained model might perform well for input data that originates from the same distribution as the data available for model training, but performs much worse for out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Rajat Koner , Poulami Sinhamahapatra , Karsten Roscher , Stephan Günnemann , Volker Tresp

Various approaches have been proposed for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection by augmenting models, input examples, training sets, and optimization objectives. Deviating from existing work, we have a simple hypothesis that standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Xin Dong , Junfeng Guo , Ang Li , Wei-Te Ting , Cong Liu , H. T. Kung

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is crucial for ensuring the safe deployment of machine learning models in real-world applications. However, existing OOD detection approaches primarily rely on the feature maps or the full gradient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Sima Behpour , Thang Doan , Xin Li , Wenbin He , Liang Gou , Liu Ren

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an important topic for real-world machine learning systems, but settings with limited in-distribution samples have been underexplored. Such few-shot OOD settings are challenging, as models have scarce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Nikhil Mehta , Kevin J Liang , Jing Huang , Fu-Jen Chu , Li Yin , Tal Hassner

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe deployment of deep neural network (DNN) classifiers. While a myriad of methods have focused on improving the performance of OOD detectors, a critical gap remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Jihye Choi , Jayaram Raghuram , Ryan Feng , Jiefeng Chen , Somesh Jha , Atul Prakash

We study the problem of few-shot out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, which aims to detect OOD samples from unseen categories during inference time with only a few labeled in-domain (ID) samples. Existing methods mainly focus on training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xinyi Chen , Yaohui Li , Haoxing Chen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential when deploying neural networks in the real world. One main challenge is that neural networks often make overconfident predictions on OOD data. In this study, we propose an effective post-hoc…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Zhuohao Sun , Yiqiao Qiu , Zhijun Tan , Weishi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

Out-of-distribution detection is an important capability that has long eluded vanilla neural networks. Deep Neural networks (DNNs) tend to generate over-confident predictions when presented with inputs that are significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Sumedh A Sontakke , Buvaneswari Ramanan , Laurent Itti , Thomas Woo

Recent advances in out-of-distribution (OOD) detection on image data show that pre-trained neural network classifiers can separate in-distribution (ID) from OOD data well, leveraging the class-discriminative ability of the model itself.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Maximilian Granz , Manuel Heurich , Tim Landgraf

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains challenging for deep learning models, particularly when test-time OOD samples differ significantly from training outliers. We propose OODD, a novel test-time OOD detection method that dynamically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yifeng Yang , Lin Zhu , Zewen Sun , Hengyu Liu , Qinying Gu , Nanyang Ye

Data outside the problem domain poses significant threats to the security of AI-based intelligent systems. Aiming to investigate the data domain and out-of-distribution (OOD) data in AI quality management (AIQM) study, this paper proposes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Tinghui Ouyang , Isao Echizen , Yoshiki Seo

Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) detection has received broad attention over the years, aiming to ensure the reliability and safety of deep neural networks (DNNs) in real-world scenarios by rejecting incorrect predictions. However, we notice a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yao Zhu , Yuefeng Chen , Xiaodan Li , Rong Zhang , Hui Xue , Xiang Tian , Rongxin Jiang , Bolun Zheng , Yaowu Chen

Neural networks (NNs) are widely used for object classification in autonomous driving. However, NNs can fail on input data not well represented by the training dataset, known as out-of-distribution (OOD) data. A mechanism to detect OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Julia Nitsch , Masha Itkina , Ransalu Senanayake , Juan Nieto , Max Schmidt , Roland Siegwart , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Cesar Cadena

Density-based Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently been shown unreliable for the task of detecting OOD images. Various density ratio based approaches achieve good empirical performance, however methods typically lack a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-09 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Yitong Sun , Steven McDonagh

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has received much attention lately due to its practical importance in enhancing the safe deployment of neural networks. One of the primary challenges is that models often produce highly confident…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Yiyou Sun , Chuan Guo , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of open-world intelligent systems. Despite the notable advancements in existing OOD detection methodologies, our study identifies a significant performance drop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Jiuqing Dong , Yongbin Gao , Heng Zhou , Jun Cen , Yifan Yao , Sook Yoon , Park Dong Sun

Deep Neural Networks are actively being used in the design of autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). The advantage of these models is their ability to handle high-dimensional state-space and learn compact surrogate representations of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Shreyas Ramakrishna , Zahra Rahiminasab , Gabor Karsai , Arvind Easwaran , Abhishek Dubey

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of deep learning systems, particularly in safety-critical applications. Likelihood-based deep generative models have historically faced criticism for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Yifan Ding , Arturas Aleksandraus , Amirhossein Ahmadian , Jonas Unger , Fredrik Lindsten , Gabriel Eilertsen