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This paper examines level sets of functions of the form $f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{r_n}{2^n}\phi(2^n x)$, where phi(x) is the distance from x to the nearest integer, and r_n equals 1 or -1 for each n. Such functions are referred to as…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2014-12-30 Pieter C. Allaart

This paper examines the level sets of the continuous but nowhere differentiable functions \begin{equation*} f_r(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty r^{-n}\phi(r^n x), \end{equation*} where $\phi(x)$ is the distance from $x$ to the nearest integer, and $r$…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2014-12-30 Pieter C. Allaart

Let T be Takagi's continuous but nowhere-differentiable function. This paper considers the size of the level sets of T both from a probabilistic point of view and from the perspective of Baire category. We first give more elementary proofs…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2012-09-04 Pieter C. Allaart

The Takagi function \tau : [0, 1] \to [0, 1] is a continuous non-differentiable function constructed by Takagi in 1903. The level sets L(y) = {x : \tau(x) = y} of the Takagi function \tau(x) are studied by introducing a notion of local…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2012-11-19 Jeffrey C. Lagarias , Zachary Maddock

We introduce the Takagi--van der Waerden function with parameters $a{>}b{>}0$ by setting $f_{a,b}(x)=\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty b^n d\big(x,S_n\big)$, where $S_n$ is a maximal $\frac1{a^n}$-separated set in a metric space $X$. So, if…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Oleksandr Maslyuchenko , Ziemowit Wójcicki

The Takagi function {\tau} : [0, 1] \rightarrow [0, 1] is a continuous non-differentiable function constructed by Takagi in 1903. This paper studies the level sets L(y) = {x : {\tau}(x) = y} of the Takagi function {\tau}(x). It shows that…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2013-02-25 Jeffrey C. Lagarias , Zachary Maddock

We study the Takagi-van der Waerden functions $f_r (x)$, a well-known class of continuous but nowhere differentiable functions, from probabilistic point of view. As an application of elephant random walks remembering the very recent past…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Yuzaburo Nakano , Masato Takei

The Takagi-van der Waerden functions are a well-known class of continuous but nowhere differentiable functions. In this paper, we study their weighted versions, the Takagi-van der Waerden class functions $f_{r,a}(x)$, from a probabilistic…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Yuzaburo Nakano

For any integer $b\geq2$ and real series $\{c_n\}$ such that $\sum_{n=0}^\infty|c_n|<\infty$, the generalized Takagi function $f_{{\mathbf c},b}(x)$ is defined by $$ f_{{\mathbf c},b}(x):=\sum_{n=0}^\infty c_n\phi(b^n x), \quad x\in [0,1],…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-03-17 Lai Jiang

The functions of the Takagi exponential class are similar in construction to the continuous, nowhere differentiable Takagi function described in 1901. They have one real parameter $v\in (-1;1)$ and at points $x\in{\mathbb R}$ are defined by…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-03-20 Oleg Galkin , Svetlana Galkina

This paper examines level sets of two families of continuous, nowhere differentiable functions (one a subfamily of the other) defined in terms of the "tent map". The well-known Takagi function is a special case. Sharp upper bounds are given…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Pieter C. Allaart

For normalized sums $Z_n$ of i.i.d. random variables, we explore necessary and sufficient conditions which guarantee the normal approximation with respect to the R\'enyi divergence of infinite order. In terms of densities $p_n$ of $Z_n$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Sergey G. Bobkov , Friedrich Götze

Quite often real-world networks can be thought of as being symmetric, in the abstract sense that vertices can be found to have similar or equivalent structural roles. However, traditional measures of symmetry in graphs are based on their…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-04 Jefferson Elbert Simões , Daniel R. Figueiredo , Valmir C. Barbosa

In this paper, we prove that for some Generalized Takagi Classes, in particular for the Takagi-Van der Waerden Class, the functions are nowhere differentiable if, and only if, the sequence of weights does not belong to $c_0$.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-09-13 Juan Ferrera , Javier Gómez Gil , Jesús Llorente

Katz and Sarnak conjectured a correspondence between the $n$-level density statistics of zeros from families of $L$-functions with eigenvalues from random matrix ensembles. In many cases the sums of smooth test functions, whose Fourier…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Elżbieta Bołdyriew , Fangu Chen , Charles Devlin VI , Steven J. Miller , Jason Zhao

Carbery proved that if $u:\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a positive, strictly convex function satisfying $\det D^2u \geq 1$, then we have the estimate $$ \left| \left\{x \in \mathbb{R}^n: u(x) \leq s \right\} \right| \lesssim_n…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-10-04 Stefan Steinerberger

We consider certain finite sets of circle-valued functions defined on intervals of real numbers and estimate how large the intervals must be for the values of these functions to be uniformly distributed in an approximate way. This is used…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-27 Stefano Ferri , Jorge Galindo , Camilo Gómez

We propose an extension of the classical R\'enyi divergences to quantum states through an optimization over probability distributions induced by restricted sets of measurements. In particular, we define the notion of locally-measured…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Tobias Rippchen , Sreejith Sreekumar , Mario Berta

We construct a simple example of an integrable function on the ring of integers of the $p$-adic field $\Q_p$ having an almost everywhere divergent Fourier series. On the other hand, we prove the pointwise convergence of the Fourier series…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-24 Md Nurul Molla , Biswaranjan Behera

Consider a set of $n$ vertices, where each vertex has a location in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that is sampled uniformly from the unit cube in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and a weight associated to it. Construct a random graph by placing edges independently for…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Remco van der Hofstad , Pim van der Hoorn , Neeladri Maitra
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