Related papers: Cosmic ray energy spectra derived from KASCADE-Gra…

Cosmic Rays above $10^{14}$ eV

We briefly review the status of cosmic ray studies between $10^{14}$ eV and the highest observed energies, namely a few times $10^{20}$ eV. Because of the rather low incident fluxes in this energy range, the studies mostly rely on ground…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Murat Boratav , Alan A. Watson

Energy spectrum and mass composition of the primary cosmic rays based on the intensity of muon bundles detected in the NEVOD-DECOR experiment

The results of the analysis of the NEVOD-DECOR data on the study of inclined muon bundles (with zenith angles from 40 to 85 degrees) of cosmic rays for the period from 2012 to 2023 are presented. An original method for studying the muon…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-27 A. G. Bogdanov , A. Chiavassa , D. M. Gromushkin , S. S. Khokhlov , V. V. Kindin , K. G. Kompaniets , A. Yu. Konovalova , K. I. Mannanova , G. Mannocchi , A. A. Petrukhin , G. Trinchero , I. Yu. Troshin , I. A. Shulzhenko , V. V. Shutenko , V. S. Vorobev , I. I. Yashin , E. A. Yurina

Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays

In this report we review the important progress made in recent years towards understanding the experimental data on ultra-high-energy ($E \gtrsim 10^9$ GeV) cosmic rays. We begin with a general survey of the available data, including a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-22 Luis A. Anchordoqui

Cosmic ray physics with ARGO-YBJ

The ARGO--YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking for more than five years at the Yangbajing cosmic ray observatory (Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l.). The detector collected about $5\times10^{11}$ events in a wide energy range from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-04 Paolo Montini

High-energy interactions at the Pierre Auger Observatory

The interaction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) with the atoms of the atmosphere can occur at center-of-mass energies that surpass 100 TeV, while present human-made accelerators go up to 13 TeV. Therefore it provides a unique…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-10-26 Ruben Conceição

Cosmic Ray Energy Measurement with EAS Cherenkov Light: Experiment QUEST and CORSIKA Simulation

A new method of a primary cosmic particle energy measurement with the extensive air shower (EAS) technique has been developed by exploiting: a) the joint analysis of the shower size, obtained by the EAS-TOP array, and of the EAS Cherenkov…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. E. Korosteleva , L. A. Kuzmichev , V. V. Prosin , EAS-TOP COLLABORATION

Measurements of All-Particle Energy Spectrum and Mean Logarithmic Mass of Cosmic Rays from 0.3 to 30 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A

We present the measurements of all-particle energy spectrum and mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays in the energy range of 0.3-30 PeV using data collected from LHAASO-KM2A between September 2021 and December 2022, which is based on a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-27 The LHAASO Collaboration , Zhen Cao , F. Aharonian , Q. An , A. Axikegu , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , J. T. Cai , Q. Cao , W. Y. Cao , Zhe Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , A. M. Chen , E. S. Chen , Liang Chen , Lin Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , M. Y. Cui , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , D. della Volpe , X. Q. Dong , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , J. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. L. Feng , S. Gabici , B. Gao , C. D. Gao , L. Q. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. Giacinti , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , Y. A. Han , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. Y. He , X. B. He , Y. He , M. Heller , Y. K. Hor , B. W. Hou , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , Q. Hu , S. C. Hu , D. H. Huang , T. Q. Huang , W. J. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Z. C. Huang , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , K. Jiang , X. W. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , M. M. Kang , T. Ke , D. Kuleshov , K. Kurinov , B. B. Li , Cheng Li , Cong Li , D. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , H. Y. Li , J. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , W. L. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Xin Li , Y. Z. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , H. Liu , H. D. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. Y. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , R. Lu , Q. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , J. R. Mao , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , H. J. Mu , Y. C. Nan , A. Neronov , Z. W. Ou , B. Y. Pang , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , M. Y. Qi , Y. Q. Qi , B. Q. Qiao , J. J. Qin , D. Ruffolo , A. Sáiz , D. Semikoz , C. Y. Shao , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , X. D. Sheng , F. W. Shu , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Y. Su , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , P. H. T. Tam , Q. W. Tang , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , C. Wang , C. B. Wang , G. W. Wang , H. G. Wang , H. H. Wang , J. C. Wang , K. Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , P. H. Wang , R. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Y. J. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , Zhen Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , G. G. Xin , Y. L. Xin , Y. Xing , Z. Xiong , D. L. Xu , R. F. Xu , R. X. Xu , W. L. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , J. Z. Yan , T. Yan , C. W. Yang , F. Yang , F. F. Yang , H. W. Yang , J. Y. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , S. B. Yang , Y. H. Yao , Z. G. Yao , Y. M. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Y. H. Yu , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , M. Zha , B. B. Zhang , F. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , L. X. Zhang , Li Zhang , P. F. Zhang , P. P. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. B. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Y. F. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , B. Zhao , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , F. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , M. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , X. Zuo

All-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum measured by the HAWC experiment from 10 to 500 TeV

We report on the measurement of the all-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory in the energy range 10 to 500 TeV. HAWC is a ground based air-shower array deployed on the slopes of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-22 HAWC Collaboration , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , D. Avila Rojas , H. A. Ayala Solares , A. S. Barber , A. Becerril , E. Belmont-Moreno , S. Y. BenZvi , C. Brisbois , K. S. Caballero-Mora , T. Capistrán , A. Carramiñana , S. Casanova , M. Castillo , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , S. Coutiño de León , C. De León , E. De la Fuente , R. Diaz Hernandez , S. Dichiara , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , R. W. Ellsworth , O. Enriquez-Rivera , D. W. Fiorino , H. Fleischhack , N. Fraija , J. A. García-González , A. González Muñoz , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , Z. Hampel-Arias , J. P. Harding , A. Hernandez-Almada , J. Hinton , F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla , C. M. Hui , P. Huntemeyer , A. Iriarte , A. Jardin-Blicq , V. Joshi , S. Kaufmann , A. Lara , R. J. Lauer , D. Lennarz , H. León Vargas , J. T. Linnemann , A. L. Longinotti , G. Luis Raya , R. Luna-García , D. López-Cámara , R. López-Coto , K. Malone , S. S. Marinelli , O. Martinez , I. Martinez-Castellanos , J. Martínez-Castro , H. Martínez-Huerta , J. A. Matthews , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , M. U. Nisa , R. Noriega-Papaqui , R. Pelayo , J. Pretz , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , Z. Ren , C. D. Rho , C. Rivière , D. Rosa-González , M. Rosenberg , E. Ruiz-Velasco , F. Salesa Greus , A. Sandoval , M. Schneider , H. Schoorlemmer , G. Sinnis , A. J. Smith , R. W. Springer , P. Surajbali , I. Taboada , O. Tibolla , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , T. N. Ukwatta , L. Villaseñor , T. Weisgarber , S. Westerhoff , J. Wood , T. Yapici , A. Zepeda , H. Zhou , J. D. Álvarez

First Results from the KASCADE Air-Shower Experiment

A new extensive air shower (EAS) experiment has been installed at the laboratory site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The major goal of the experiment is to determine the chemical composition in the energy range around and above the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 KASCADE Collaboration , K. -H. Kampert

Primary Proton Spectrum of Cosmic Rays measured with Single Hadrons

The flux of cosmic-ray induced single hadrons near sea level has been measured with the large hadron calorimeter of the KASCADE experiment. The measurement corroborates former results obtained with detectors of smaller size if the enlarged…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 T. Antoni , KASCADE Collaboration

Local shower age and segmented slope parameters of lateral density distributions of cosmic ray shower particles

The paper describes lateral density distributions of electrons and muons of cosmic ray extensive air showers (EAS) in the energy regime of the KASCADE experiment. Potential EAS observables are extracted while some suitable lateral…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-04 Rajat K. Dey

Energy spectrum and mass composition of primary cosmic rays around the `knee' in the framework of the model with two types of sources

Analysis of the experimental data on cosmic ray spectra in the framework of the proposed model with two types of sources leads to conclusion, that sources with particle generation spectral exponent $p\sim 2.85$ give the major contribution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. A. Lagutin , A. G. Tyumentsev , A. V. Yushkov

The Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum Observed with the Surface Detector of the Telescope Array Experiment

The Telescope Array (TA) collaboration has measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with primary energies above 1.6 x 10^(18) eV. This measurement is based upon four years of observation by the surface detector…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-04-12 T. Abu-Zayyad , R. Aida , M. Allen , R. Anderson , R. Azuma , E. Barcikowski , J. W. Belz , D. R. Bergman , S. A. Blake , R. Cady , B. G. Cheon , J. Chiba , M. Chikawa , E. J. Cho , W. R. Cho , H. Fujii , T. Fujii , T. Fukuda , M. Fukushima , W. Hanlon , K. Hayashi , Y. Hayashi , N. Hayashida , K. Hibino , K. Hiyama , K. Honda , T. Iguchi , D. Ikeda , K. Ikuta , N. Inoue , T. Ishii , R. Ishimori , D. Ivanov , S. Iwamoto , C. C. H. Jui , K. Kadota , F. Kakimoto , O. Kalashev , T. Kanbe , K. Kasahara , H. Kawai , S. Kawakami , S. Kawana , E. Kido , H. B. Kim , H. K. Kim , J. H. Kim , J. H. Kim , K. Kitamoto , S. Kitamura , Y. Kitamura , K. Kobayashi , Y. Kobayashi , Y. Kondo , K. Kuramoto , V. Kuzmin , Y. J. Kwon , J. Lan , S. I. Lim , S. Machida , K. Martens , T. Matsuda , T. Matsuura , T. Matsuyama , J. N. Matthews , M. Minamino , K. Miyata , Y. Murano , I. Myers , K. Nagasawa , S. Nagataki , T. Nakamura , S. W. Nam , T. Nonaka , S. Ogio , M. Ohnishi , H. Ohoka , K. Oki , D. Oku , T. Okuda , A. Oshima , S. Ozawa , I. H. Park , M. S. Pshirkov , D. C. Rodriguez , S. Y. Roh , G. Rubtsov , D. Ryu , H. Sagawa , N. Sakurai , A. L. Sampson , L. M. Scott , P. D. Shah , F. Shibata , T. Shibata , H. Shimodaira , B. K. Shin , J. I. Shin , T. Shirahama , J. D. Smith , P. Sokolsky , B. T. Stokes , S. R. Stratton , T. A. Stroman , S. Suzuki , Y. Takahashi , M. Takeda , A. Taketa , M. Takita , Y. Tameda , H. Tanaka , K. Tanaka , M. Tanaka , S. B. Thomas , G. B. Thomson , P. Tinyakov , I. Tkachev , H. Tokuno , T. Tomida , S. Troitsky , Y. Tsunesada , K. Tsutsumi , Y. Tsuyuguchi , Y. Uchihori , S. Udo , H. Ukai , G. Vasiloff , Y. Wada , T. Wong , M. Wood , Y. Yamakawa , R. Yamane , H. Yamaoka , K. Yamazaki , J. Yang , Y. Yoneda , S. Yoshida , H. Yoshii , X. Zhou , R. Zollinger , Z. Zundel

Elemental Composition of Cosmic Rays near the Knee by Multiparameter Measurement of Air Showerss

The small change in the spectral slope of the overall intensity of cosmic rays near 1 PeV may be associated with the endpoint energy of supernova shock acceleration. A crucial test of this connection and other ideas of the origin of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 S. P. Swordy , D. B. Kieda

Measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum with IceTop-73

We report on the measurement of the all-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum with the IceTop air shower array in the energy range from 1.58 PeV to 1.26 EeV. The IceTop air shower array is the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-22 IceCube collaboration

Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays: Facts, Myths, and Legends

This is a written version of a series of lectures aimed at graduate students in astrophysics/particle theory/particle experiment. In the first part, we explain the important progress made in recent years towards understanding the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-19 Luis Alfredo Anchordoqui

A reinterpretation of Volcano Ranch lateral distribution measurements to infer the mass composition of cosmic rays

In the course of its operation, the Volcano Ranch array collected data on the lateral distribution of showers produced by cosmic rays at energies above $10^{17}$ {\rm eV}. From these data very precise measurements of the steepness of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 M. T. Dova , M. E. Mancenido , A. G. Mariazzi , T. P. McCauley , A. A. Watson

Highlights from Telescope Array

The results from the first three years observation in Telescope Array are reviewed. The energy spectrum, mass composition, and anisotropy in arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays are discussed. The energy spectrum of cosmic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Yoshiki Tsunesada

Measurement of the cosmic ray helium energy spectrum from 70 GeV to 80 TeV with the DAMPE space mission

The measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic ray helium nuclei from 70 GeV to 80 TeV using 4.5 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is reported in this work. A hardening of the spectrum is observed at an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-09 F. Alemanno , Q. An , P. Azzarello , F. C. T. Barbato , P. Bernardini , X. J. Bi , M. S. Cai , E. Catanzani , J. Chang , D. Y. Chen , J. L. Chen , Z. F. Chen , M. Y. Cui , T. S. Cui , Y. X. Cui , H. T. Dai , A. D'Amone , A. De Benedittis , I. De Mitri , F. de Palma , M. Deliyergiyev , M. Di Santo , T. K. Dong , Z. X. Dong , G. Donvito , D. Droz , J. L. Duan , K. K. Duan , D. D'Urso , R. R. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , K. Fang , F. Fang , C. Q. Feng , L. Feng , P. Fusco , M. Gao , F. Gargano , K. Gong , Y. Z. Gong , D. Y. Guo , J. H. Guo , X. L. Guo , S. X. Han , Y. M. Hu , G. S. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , M. Ionica , W. Jiang , J. Kong , A. Kotenko , D. Kyratzis , S. J. Lei , S. Li , W. L. Li , X. Li , X. Q. Li , Y. M. Liang , C. M. Liu , H. Liu , J. Liu , S. B. Liu , W. Q. Liu , Y. Liu , F. Loparco , C. N. Luo , M. Ma , P. X. Ma , T. Ma , X. Y. Ma , G. Marsella , M. N. Mazziotta , D. Mo , X. Y. Niu , X. Pan , A. Parenti , W. X. Peng , X. Y. Peng , C. Perrina , R. Qiao , J. N. Rao , A. Ruina , M. M. Salinas , G. Z. Shang , W. H. Shen , Z. Q. Shen , Z. T. Shen , L. Silveri , J. X. Song , M. Stolpovskiy , H. Su , M. Su , Z. Y. Sun , A. Surdo , X. J. Teng , A. Tykhonov , H. Wang , J. Z. Wang , L. G. Wang , S. Wang , X. L. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. F. Wang , Y. Z. Wang , Z. M. Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. F. Wei , S. C. Wen , D. Wu , J. Wu , L. B. Wu , S. S. Wu , X. Wu , Z. Q. Xia , H. T. Xu , Z. H. Xu , Z. L. Xu , Z. Z. Xu , G. F. Xue , H. B. Yang , P. Yang , Y. Q. Yang , H. J. Yao , Y. H. Yu , G. W. Yuan , Q. Yuan , C. Yue , J. J. Zang , F. Zhang , S. X. Zhang , W. Z. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. J. Zhang , Y. L. Zhang , Y. P. Zhang , Y. Q. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Z. Y. Zhang , C. Zhao , H. Y. Zhao , X. F. Zhao , C. Y. Zhou , Y. Zhu

A New Method to Reconstruct the Energy and Determine the Composition of Cosmic Rays from the Measurement of Cherenkov Light and Particle Densities in Extensive Air Showers

A Monte-Carlo study to reconstruct energy and mass of cosmic rays with energies above 300 TeV using ground based measurements of the electromagnetic part of showers initiated in the atmosphere is presented. The shower properties determined…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Lindner