Related papers: Cosmic ray energy spectra derived from KASCADE-Gra…

Preparation of enriched cosmic ray mass groups with KASCADE

The KASCADE experiment measures a high number of EAS observables with a large degree of sampling of the electron-photon, muon, and hadron components. It provides accurate data for an event-by-event analysis of the primary cosmic ray flux in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 KASCADE Collaboration , T. Antoni

Air Shower Measurements in Karlsruhe

The Karlsruhe multi-detector set-ups KASCADE, KASCADE-Grande, and LOPES aim on measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of the so called knee between 10^14 eV and 10^18 eV. The multidimensional analysis of the air shower data…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andreas Haungs

Probing the mass composition of TeV cosmic rays with HAWC

In this contribution, we have investigated the energy spectra of the elemental mass groups of cosmic rays for the Light (H+He), medium (C+O) and heavy (Ne-Fe) components using the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-Ray observatory (HAWC).…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-23 J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez

Cosmic ray composition and energy spectrum above 1 TeV: direct and EAS measurements

The most recent experimental results on the cosmic ray composition and energy spectrum above 1 TeV are reviewed and discussed. All data agree on the presence of the so-called ``knee'' at an energy E(knee) = 3-4 PeV; the knee is seen in all…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Castellina

Results from the KASCADE, KASCADE-Grande, and LOPES experiments

The origin of high-energy cosmic rays in the energy range from 10^14 to 10^18 eV is explored with the KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande experiments. Radio signals from air showers are measured with the LOPES experiment. An overview on results is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. R. Hoerandel

The KASCADE-Grande Experiment and the LOPES Project

KASCADE-Grande is the extension of the multi-detector setup KASCADE to cover a primary cosmic ray energy range from 100 TeV to 1 EeV. The enlarged EAS experiment provides comprehensive observations of cosmic rays in the energy region around…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Grande Collaboration , LOPES Collaboration , A. F. Badea , T. Antoni , W. D. Apel , K. Bekk

Status of the EAS studies of cosmic rays with energy below 10**16 eV

This paper briefly summarizes the status of the cosmic ray observations by EAS (Extended Air Shower) experiments with energy below 10**16eV and the related studies of the hadronic interaction models. Based on the observed sharp knee…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-11-17 Hongbo Hu

Cosmic rays from the knee to the second knee: 10^14 to 10^18 eV

The energies of cosmic rays, fully ionized charged nuclei, extend over a wide range up to 10^20 eV. A particularly interesting energy region spans from 10^14 to 10^18 eV, where the all-particle energy spectrum exhibits two interesting…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 Joerg R. Hoerandel

The Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays Above $3 \times 10^{17}$ eV as measured with the Haverah Park Array

Air showers recorded by the Haverah Park Array during the years 1974 - 1987 have been re-analysed. For the original estimate of the energy spectrum, a relationship between the ground parameter $\rho$(600) and the primary energy, as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Ave , J. Knapp , J. Lloyd-Evans , M. Marchesini , A. A. Watson

Energy Spectrum and Mass Composition around the Knee by EAS Measurements

Primary cosmic ray particles above energies of about 100 TeV are investigated by large-area ground based detector installations, observing various components of the development of extensive air-showers (EAS). By such an indirect access to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Haungs

A scenario for the Galactic cosmic rays between the knee and the second-knee

We perform a fit to measurements of the cosmic ray spectrum and of the depth of shower maximum in the energy range between $10^{15}$~eV and $10^{18}$~eV. We consider a Galactic component that is a mixture of five representative nuclear…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-03-15 Silvia Mollerach , Esteban Roulet

Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum and Composition from 10^{17} to 10^{18.3} eV Using a Hybrid Fluorescence Technique

We study the spectrum and average mass composition of cosmic rays with primary energies between 10^{17} eV and 10^{18} eV using a hybrid detector consisting of the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) prototype and the MIA muon array.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-17 T. Abu-Zayyad , K. Belov , D. J. Bird , J. Boyer , Z. Cao , M. Catanese , G. F. Chen , R. W. Clay , C. E. Covault , H. Y. Dai , B. R. Dawson , J. W. Elbert , B. E. Fick , L. F. Fortson , J. W. Fowler , K. G. Gibbs , M. A. K. Glasmacher , K. D. Green , Y. Ho , A. Huang , C. C. Jui , M. J. Kidd , D. B. Kieda , B. C. Knapp , S. Ko , C. G. Larsen , W. Lee , E. C. Loh , E. J. Mannel , J. Matthews , J. N. Matthews , B. J. Newport , D. F. Nitz , R. A. Ong , K. M. Simpson , J. D. Smith , D. Sinclair , P. Sokolsky , P. Sommers , C. Song , J. K. K. Tang , S. B. Thomas , J. van der Velde , L. R. Wiencke , C. R. Wilkinson , S. Yoshida , X. Z. Zhang

Methods of machine learning for the analysis of cosmic rays mass composition with the KASCADE experiment data

We study the problem of reconstruction of high-energy cosmic rays mass composition from the experimental data of extensive air showers. We develop several machine learning methods for the reconstruction of energy spectra of separate primary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-30 M. Yu. Kuznetsov , N. A. Petrov , I. A. Plokhikh , V. V. Sotnikov

High Energy Physics in the Atmosphere: Phenomenology of Cosmic Ray Air Showers

The properties of cosmic rays with energies above 10**6 GeV have to be deduced from the spacetime structure and particle content of the air showers which they initiate. In this review we summarize the phenomenology of these giant air…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-01-15 Luis Anchordoqui , Maria Teresa Dova , Analisa Mariazzi , Thomas McCauley , Thomas Paul , Stephen Reucroft , John Swain

Air Shower Measurements in the Primary Energy Range from PeV to EeV

Recent results of advanced experiments with sophisticated measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of the so called knee at a few PeV indicate a distinct knee in the energy spectra of light primary cosmic rays and an increasing…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Andreas Haungs

News from Cosmic Ray Air Showers (ICRC 2019 -- Cosmic Ray Indirect Rapport)

This rapport summarizes the cosmic-ray indirect (CRI) session of the 36th ICRC conference. Updated measurements from several air-shower arrays with higher precision lead to the discovery of new features in the energy spectrum: HAWC measures…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-10-10 Frank G. Schröder

Precise Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Spectrum above 0.1 PeV

We report a measurement of the cosmic ray helium energy spectrum in the energy interval 0.16 -- 13~PeV, derived by subtracting the proton spectrum from the light component~(proton and helium) spectrum obtained with observations made by the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-02 LHAASO Collaboration , Zhen Cao , F. Aharonian , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , W. Bian , J. Blunier , A. V. Bukevich , C. M. Cai , Y. Y. Cai , W. Y. Cao , Zhe Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , E. S. Chen , G. H. Chen , H. K. Chen , L. F. Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. B. Chen , X. J. Chen , X. P. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Q. Y. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , M. Y. Cui , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , Y. X. Diao , A. J. Dong , X. Q. Dong , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , J. Fang , J. H. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , H. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. Feng , Y. L. Feng , S. Gabici , B. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , T. T. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. Giacinti , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Guo , J. Guo , K. J. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , R. P. Han , O. A. Hannuksela , M. Hasan , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. Y. He , X. Y. He , Y. He , S. Hernández-Cadena , B. W. Hou , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. C. Hu , C. Huang , D. H. Huang , J. J. Huang , X. L. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , A. Inventar , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , H. B. Jiang , K. Jiang , X. W. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , S. Kaci , M. M. Kang , I. Karpikov , D. Khangulyan , D. Kuleshov , K. Kurinov , Cheng Li , Cong Li , D. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , L. Li , R. L. Li , S. D. Li , T. Y. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Y. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , P. Lipari , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , D. B. Liu , H. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. R. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Y. Q. Lou , Q. Luo , Y. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , I. O. Maliy , J. R. Mao , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , Y. Mizuno , G. B. Mou , A. Neronov , K. C. Y. Ng , M. Y. Ni , L. Nie , L. J. Ou , Z. W. Ou , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , D. Y. Peng , J. C. Qi , M. Y. Qi , J. J. Qin , D. Qu , A. Raza , C. Y. Ren , D. Ruffolo , A. Sáiz , D. Savchenko , D. Semikoz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , Y. Z. Shen , X. D. Sheng , Z. D. Shi , F. W. Shu , H. C. Song , Y. Su , D. X. Sun , H. Sun , J. X. Sun , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , N. H. Tabasam , J. Takata , P. H. T. Tam , H. B. Tan , Q. W. Tang , R. Tang , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , C. N. Tong , L. H. Wan , C. Wang , D. H. Wang , G. W. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , K. Wang , Kai Wang , Kai Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , S. S. Weng , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , Q. W. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , Y. F. Xiao , Y. L. Xin , H. D. Xing , Y. Xing , D. R. Xiong , B. N. Xu , C. Y. Xu , D. L. Xu , R. F. Xu , R. X. Xu , S. S. Xu , W. L. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , T. Yan , C. W. Yang , C. Y. Yang , F. F. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , W. X. Yang , Z. H. Yang , Z. G. Yao , X. A. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , X. T. Zeng , M. Zha , B. B. Zhang , B. T. Zhang , C. Zhang , H. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , J. Y. Zhang , Li Zhang , P. F. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , S. Y. Zhang , W. Zhang , W. Y. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , X. H. Zhao , Z. H. Zhao , F. Zheng , T. C. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , M. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , B. Y. Zhu , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , Y. C. Zou , X. Zuo

KASCADE: Astrophysical results and tests of hadronic interaction models

KASCADE is a multi-detector setup to get redundant information on single air shower basis. The information is used to perform multiparameter analyses to solve the threefold problem of the reconstruction of (i)the unknown primary energy,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-18 A. Haungs , T. Antoni

The Cosmic Ray p+He energy spectrum in the 3-3000 TeV energy range measured by ARGO-YBJ

The ARGO-YBJ experiment is a full coverage air shower detector operated at the Yangbajing International Cosmic Ray Observatory. The detector has been in stable data taking in its full configuration since November 2007 to February 2013. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 S. M. Mari , P. Montini

Large scale cosmic-ray anisotropy with KASCADE

The results of an analysis of the large scale anisotropy of cosmic rays in the PeV range are presented. The Rayleigh formalism is applied to the right ascension distribution of extensive air showers measured by the KASCADE experiment.The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 T. Antoni