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We introduce INSTRUCTOR, a new method for computing text embeddings given task instructions: every text input is embedded together with instructions explaining the use case (e.g., task and domain descriptions). Unlike encoders from prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Hongjin Su , Weijia Shi , Jungo Kasai , Yizhong Wang , Yushi Hu , Mari Ostendorf , Wen-tau Yih , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer , Tao Yu

Knowledge bases (KBs) and text often contain complementary knowledge: KBs store structured knowledge that can support long range reasoning, while text stores more comprehensive and timely knowledge in an unstructured way. Separately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Vardaan Pahuja , Yu Gu , Wenhu Chen , Mehdi Bahrami , Lei Liu , Wei-Peng Chen , Yu Su

We present ReMatch, a framework that leverages the generative strength of MLLMs for multimodal retrieval. Previous approaches treated an MLLM as a simple encoder, ignoring its generative nature, and under-utilising its compositional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Qianying Liu , Xiao Liang , Zhiqiang Zhang , Zhongfei Qing , Fengfan Zhou , Yibo Chen , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Paul Henderson

Representing entities and relations in an embedding space is a well-studied approach for machine learning on relational data. Existing approaches, however, primarily focus on simple link structure between a finite set of entities, ignoring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Liyan Chen , Sameer Singh

We present a novel and effective technique for performing text coherence tasks while facilitating deeper insights into the data. Despite obtaining ever-increasing task performance, modern deep-learning approaches to NLP tasks often only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Tanner Bohn , Yining Hu , Jinhang Zhang , Charles X. Ling

Universal Multimodal embedding models built on Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have traditionally employed contrastive learning, which aligns representations of query-target pairs across different modalities. Yet, despite its…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Geonmo Gu , Byeongho Heo , Jaemyung Yu , Jaehui Hwang , Taekyung Kim , Sangmin Lee , HeeJae Jun , Yoohoon Kang , Sangdoo Yun , Dongyoon Han

Large language models (LLMs) call for extension of context to handle many critical applications. However, the existing approaches are prone to expensive costs and inferior quality of context extension. In this work, we proposeExtensible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Kun Luo , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Kang Liu

Language grounding aims at linking the symbolic representation of language (e.g., words) into the rich perceptual knowledge of the outside world. The general approach is to embed both textual and visual information into a common space -the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Hassan Shahmohammadi , Hendrik P. A. Lensch , R. Harald Baayen

This paper aims to advance the mathematical intelligence of machines by presenting the first Chinese mathematical pre-trained language model~(PLM) for effectively understanding and representing mathematical problems. Unlike other standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Wayne Xin Zhao , Kun Zhou , Zheng Gong , Beichen Zhang , Yuanhang Zhou , Jing Sha , Zhigang Chen , Shijin Wang , Cong Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

We introduce the Granite Embedding models, a family of encoder-based embedding models designed for retrieval tasks, spanning dense-retrieval and sparse retrieval architectures, with both English and Multilingual capabilities. This report…

People get informed of a daily task plan through diverse media involving both texts and images. However, most prior research only focuses on LLM's capability of textual plan generation. The potential of large-scale models in providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xiaoxin Lu , Ranran Haoran Zhang , Yusen Zhang , Rui Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various natural language processing tasks, but leveraging them for dense passage embedding remains challenging. This is due to their causal attention mechanism and the misalignment between their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Hieu Man , Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

LLMs confront inherent limitations in terms of its knowledge, memory, and action. The retrieval augmentation stands as a vital mechanism to address these limitations, which brings in useful information from external sources to augment the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Peitian Zhang , Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou , Jian-Yun Nie

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in code translation tasks. However, ensuring both the correctness and readability of translated code remains a challenge, limiting their effective adoption in real-world software…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Longhui Zhang , Bin Wang , Jiahao Wang , Xiaofeng Zhao , Min Zhang , Hao Yang , Meishan Zhang , Yu Li , Jing Li , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

The introduction of embedding techniques has pushed forward significantly the Natural Language Processing field. Many of the proposed solutions have been presented for word-level encoding; anyhow, in the last years, new mechanism to treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Matteo Muffo , Roberto Tedesco , Licia Sbattella , Vincenzo Scotti

Multimodal Large Language Models advance multimodal representation learning by acquiring transferable semantic embeddings, thereby substantially enhancing performance across a range of vision-language tasks, including cross-modal retrieval,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Da Li , Yuxiao Luo , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Wei Yuan , Biao Yang , Yan Wang , Fan Yang , Tingting Gao , Guorui Zhou

Recently, numerous embedding models have been made available and widely used for various NLP tasks. The Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB) has primarily simplified the process of choosing a model that performs well for several tasks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Mathieu Ciancone , Imene Kerboua , Marion Schaeffer , Wissam Siblini

Text embeddings are essential for many tasks, such as document retrieval, clustering, and semantic similarity assessment. In this paper, we study how to contrastively train text embedding models in a compute-optimal fashion, given a suite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Alicja Ziarko , Albert Q. Jiang , Bartosz Piotrowski , Wenda Li , Mateja Jamnik , Piotr Miłoś

The workflow of pretraining and fine-tuning has emerged as a popular paradigm for solving various NLP and V&L (Vision-and-Language) downstream tasks. With the capacity of pretrained models growing rapidly, how to perform parameter-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Zhengkun Zhang , Wenya Guo , Xiaojun Meng , Yasheng Wang , Yadao Wang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Zhenglu Yang

Alignment has become a critical step for instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) to become helpful assistants. However, the effective evaluation of alignment for emerging Chinese LLMs is still largely unexplored. To fill in this gap,…