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Financial text classification has increasingly become an important aspect in quantitative trading systems and related tasks, such as financial sentiment analysis and the classification of financial news. In this paper, we assess the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhiming Lian

We introduce a novel suite of state-of-the-art bilingual text embedding models that are designed to support English and another target language. These models are capable of processing lengthy text inputs with up to 8192 tokens, making them…

With hundreds of thousands of language models available on Huggingface today, efficiently evaluating and utilizing these models across various downstream, tasks has become increasingly critical. Many existing methods repeatedly learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Richard Zhuang , Tianhao Wu , Zhaojin Wen , Andrew Li , Jiantao Jiao , Kannan Ramchandran

Text embeddings from large language models (LLMs) have achieved excellent results in tasks such as information retrieval, semantic textual similarity, etc. In this work, we show an interesting finding: when feeding a text into the LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhijie Nie , Richong Zhang , Zhanyu Wu

This work presents Pangu Embedded, an efficient Large Language Model (LLM) reasoner developed on Ascend Neural Processing Units (NPUs), featuring flexible fast and slow thinking capabilities. Pangu Embedded addresses the significant…

Massively multilingual sentence representation models, e.g., LASER, SBERT-distill, and LaBSE, help significantly improve cross-lingual downstream tasks. However, the use of a large amount of data or inefficient model architectures results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zhuoyuan Mao , Chenhui Chu , Sadao Kurohashi

Most state-of-the-art models in natural language processing (NLP) are neural models built on top of large, pre-trained, contextual language models that generate representations of words in context and are fine-tuned for the task at hand.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Brian Lester , Daniel Pressel , Amy Hemmeter , Sagnik Ray Choudhury , Srinivas Bangalore

Traditional text embedding benchmarks primarily evaluate embedding models' capabilities to capture semantic similarity. However, more advanced NLP tasks require a deeper understanding of text, such as safety and factuality. These tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Simeng Han , Frank Palma Gomez , Tu Vu , Zefei Li , Daniel Cer , Hansi Zeng , Chris Tar , Arman Cohan , Gustavo Hernandez Abrego

Decoder-only LLM-based embedding models are beginning to outperform BERT or T5-based embedding models in general-purpose text embedding tasks, including dense vector-based retrieval. In this work, we introduce NV-Embed, incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chankyu Lee , Rajarshi Roy , Mengyao Xu , Jonathan Raiman , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro , Wei Ping

In this report, we introduce pplx-embed, a family of multilingual embedding models that employ multi-stage contrastive learning on a diffusion-pretrained language model backbone for web-scale retrieval. By leveraging bidirectional attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Sedigheh Eslami , Maksim Gaiduk , Markus Krimmel , Louis Milliken , Bo Wang , Denis Bykov

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated prowess in a wide range of tasks. However, many LLMs exhibit significant performance discrepancies between high- and low-resource languages. To mitigate this challenge, we present FuxiTranyu,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haoran Sun , Renren Jin , Shaoyang Xu , Leiyu Pan , Supryadi , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Yikun Lei , Lei Yang , Ling Shi , Juesi Xiao , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

Medical text embedding models are foundational to a wide array of healthcare applications, ranging from clinical decision support and biomedical information retrieval to medical question answering, yet they remain hampered by two critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mohammad Khodadad , Ali Shiraee Kasmaee , Mahdi Astaraki , Hamidreza Mahyar

We consider the large-scale query-document retrieval problem: given a query (e.g., a question), return the set of relevant documents (e.g., paragraphs containing the answer) from a large document corpus. This problem is often solved in two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Wei-Cheng Chang , Felix X. Yu , Yin-Wen Chang , Yiming Yang , Sanjiv Kumar

Building on the success of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based representations have dominated the document representation landscape, achieving great performance on the document embedding benchmarks. However, the high-dimensional,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Boshko Koloski , Senja Pollak , Roberto Navigli , Blaž Škrlj

Recently, language representation techniques have achieved great performances in text classification. However, most existing representation models are specifically designed for English materials, which may fail in Chinese because of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Xunzhu Tang , Rujie Zhu , Tiezhu Sun , Shi Wang

Language models can be viewed as functions that embed text into Euclidean space, where the quality of the embedding vectors directly determines model performance, training such neural networks involves various uncertainties. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Yifei Duan , Raphael Shang , Deng Liang , Yongqiang Cai

We explore the effectiveness of an LLM-guided query refinement paradigm for extending the usability of embedding models to challenging zero-shot search and classification tasks. Our approach refines the embedding representation of a user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ariel Gera , Shir Ashury-Tahan , Gal Bloch , Ohad Eytan , Assaf Toledo

In this paper, we introduce a new embedding model called M3-Embedding, which is distinguished for its versatility in \textit{Multi-Linguality}, \textit{Multi-Functionality}, and \textit{Multi-Granularity}. It provides a uniform support for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jianlv Chen , Shitao Xiao , Peitian Zhang , Kun Luo , Defu Lian , Zheng Liu

In this report, we present a series of math-specific large language models: Qwen2.5-Math and Qwen2.5-Math-Instruct-1.5B/7B/72B. The core innovation of the Qwen2.5 series lies in integrating the philosophy of self-improvement throughout the…

While LLMs are powerful embedding backbones, their application in training-free settings faces two structural challenges: causal attention restricts early tokens from accessing subsequent context, and the next-token prediction objective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang