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The continuous expansion of the urban traffic sensing infrastructure has led to a surge in the volume of widely available road related data. Consequently, increasing effort is being dedicated to the creation of intelligent transportation…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Alina Patelli , Victoria Lush , Aniko Ekart , Elisabeth Ilie-Zudor

In recent years, sequence features such as packet length have received considerable attention due to their central role in encrypted traffic analysis. Existing sequence modeling approaches can be broadly categorized into flow-level and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Youquan Xian , Xueying Zeng , Aoxiang Zhou , Jinqiao Shi , Zhiyu Hao , Lei Cui , Peng Liu

Network traffic classification (NTC) is vital for efficient network management, security, and performance optimization, particularly with 5G/6G technologies. Traditional methods, such as deep packet inspection (DPI) and port-based…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ehsan Eslami , Walaa Hamouda

The popularity of encryption mechanisms poses a great challenge to malicious traffic detection. The reason is traditional detection techniques cannot work without the decryption of encrypted traffic. Currently, research on encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Zihao Wang , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Encrypted traffic classification (TC) methods must adapt to new protocols and extensions as well as to advancements in other machine learning fields. In this paper, we adopt a transfer learning setup best known from computer vision. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jan Luxemburk , Karel Hynek , Richard Plný , Tomáš Čejka

Existing website fingerprinting and traffic classification solutions do not work well when the evaluation context changes, as their performances often heavily rely on context-specific assumptions. To clarify this problem, we take three…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Elham Akbari , Zihao Zhou , Mohammad Ali Salahuddin , Noura Limam , Raouf Boutaba , Bertrand Mathieu , Stephanie Moteau , Stephane Tuffin

Encrypted traffic classification is a critical task for network security. While deep learning has advanced this field, the occlusion of payload semantics by encryption severely challenges standard modeling approaches. Most existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Qing He , Xiaowei Fu , Lei Zhang

In view of the huge success of convolution neural networks (CNN) for image classification and object recognition, there have been attempts to generalize the method to general graph-structured data. One major direction is based on spectral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Feng Ji , Jielong Yang , Qiang Zhang , Wee Peng Tay

The machine learning algorithm is gaining prominence in traffic identification research as it offers a way to overcome the shortcomings of port-based and deep packet inspection, especially for P2P-based Skype. However,recent studies have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Shi Dong

Traffic volume is an indispensable ingredient to provide fine-grained information for traffic management and control. However, due to limited deployment of traffic sensors, obtaining full-scale volume information is far from easy. Existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-31 Tong Nie , Guoyang Qin , Yunpeng Wang , Jian Sun

The rapid urbanization and increasing traffic have serious social, economic, and environmental impact on metropolitan areas worldwide. It is of a great importance to understand the complex interplay of road networks and traffic conditions.…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Weizi Li , Meilei Jiang , Yaoyu Chen , Ming C. Lin

Network traffic classification, which has numerous applications from security to billing and network provisioning, has become a cornerstone of today's computer networks. Previous studies have developed traffic classification techniques…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Shahbaz Rezaei , Xin Liu

With the increasing prevalence of encrypted network traffic, cyber security analysts have been turning to machine learning (ML) techniques to elucidate the traffic on their networks. However, ML models can become stale as new traffic…

Motivated by the need for accurate traffic flow prediction in transportation management, we propose a functional data method to analyze traffic flow patterns and predict future traffic flow. In this study we approach the problem by sampling…

Applications · Statistics 2013-01-14 Jeng-Min Chiou

With the rapid growth of traffic sensors deployed, a massive amount of traffic flow data are collected, revealing the long-term evolution of traffic flows and the gradual expansion of traffic networks. How to accurately forecasting these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Xu Chen , Junshan Wang , Kunqing Xie

Network traffic classification using machine learning techniques has been widely studied. Most existing schemes classify entire traffic flows, but there are major limitations to their practicality. At a network router, the packets need to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Sayantan Chowdhury , Ben Liang , Ali Tizghadam , Ilijc Albanese

A classic network tomography problem is estimation of properties of the distribution of route traffic volumes based on counts taken on the network links. We consider inference for a general class of models for integer-valued traffic. Model…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-03 Martin L. Hazelton

This paper examines the use of deep recurrent neural networks to classify traffic patterns in smart cities. We propose a novel approach to traffic pattern classification based on deep recurrent neural networks, which can effectively capture…

Accurately classifying the application types of network traffic using deep learning models has recently gained popularity. However, we find that these classifiers do not perform well on real-world traffic data due to the presence of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Eun Hun Choi , Jasleen Kaur , Vladas Pipiras , Nelson Gomes Rodrigues Antunes , Brendan Massey

Tracking congestion throughout the network road is a critical component of Intelligent transportation network management systems. Understanding how the traffic flows and short-term prediction of congestion occurrence due to rush-hour or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Mohammadhani Fouladgar , Mostafa Parchami , Ramez Elmasri , Amir Ghaderi