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Model merging aims to efficiently combine the weights of multiple expert models, each trained on a specific task, into a single multi-task model, with strong performance across all tasks. When applied to all but the last layer of weights,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Ekansh Sharma , Daniel M. Roy , Gintare Karolina Dziugaite

Model merging, a method that combines the parameters and embeddings of multiple fine-tuned large language models (LLMs), offers a promising approach to enhance model performance across various tasks while maintaining computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Amin Heyrani Nobari , Kaveh Alim , Ali ArjomandBigdeli , Akash Srivastava , Faez Ahmed , Navid Azizan

Merging multiple expert models offers a promising approach for performing multi-task learning without accessing their original data. Existing methods attempt to alleviate task conflicts by sparsifying task vectors or promoting orthogonality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yongxian Wei , Anke Tang , Li Shen , Zixuan Hu , Chun Yuan , Xiaochun Cao

Recent advancements in building domain-specific large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success, especially in tasks requiring reasoning abilities like logical inference over complex relationships and multi-step problem solving.…

Deep model merging represents an emerging research direction that combines multiple fine-tuned models to harness their specialized capabilities across different tasks and domains. Current model merging techniques focus on merging all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Anke Tang , Enneng Yang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Models trained on different datasets can be merged by a weighted-averaging of their parameters, but why does it work and when can it fail? Here, we connect the inaccuracy of weighted-averaging to mismatches in the gradients and propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Nico Daheim , Thomas Möllenhoff , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Iryna Gurevych , Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan

Continual learning is conventionally tackled through sequential fine-tuning, a process that, while enabling adaptation, inherently favors plasticity over the stability needed to retain prior knowledge. While existing approaches attempt to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ghada Sokar , Gintare Karolina Dziugaite , Anurag Arnab , Ahmet Iscen , Pablo Samuel Castro , Cordelia Schmid

Model merging has attracted significant attention as a powerful paradigm for model reuse, facilitating the integration of task-specific models into a singular, versatile framework endowed with multifarious capabilities. Previous studies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zhengqi Xu , Han Zheng , Jie Song , Li Sun , Mingli Song

Model merging is a technique that combines multiple large pretrained models into a single model with enhanced performance and broader task adaptability. It has gained popularity in large pretrained model development due to its ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yu Zhou , Xingyu Wu , Jibin Wu , Liang Feng , Kay Chen Tan

Model merging aims to integrate the strengths of multiple fine-tuned models into a unified model while preserving task-specific capabilities. Existing methods, represented by task arithmetic, are typically classified into global- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Kunda Yan , Min Zhang , Sen Cui , Zikun Qu , Bo Jiang , Feng Liu , Changshui Zhang

Combining multiple machine learning models has long been a technique for enhancing performance, particularly in distributed settings. Traditional approaches, such as model ensembles, work well, but are expensive in terms of memory and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Albert Manuel Orozco Camacho , Stefan Horoi , Guy Wolf , Eugene Belilovsky

Continual Learning (CL) aims to enable models to continuously acquire new knowledge from a sequence of tasks with avoiding the forgetting of learned information. However, existing CL methods only rely on the parameters of the most recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Haomiao Qiu , Miao Zhang , Ziyue Qiao , Liqiang Nie

In this paper, we address the challenges associated with merging low-rank adaptations of large neural networks. With the rise of parameter-efficient adaptation techniques, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), model fine-tuning has become…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Aniello Panariello , Daniel Marczak , Simone Magistri , Angelo Porrello , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Simone Calderara , Joost van de Weijer

Recent research has increasingly focused on reconciling the reasoning capabilities of System 2 with the efficiency of System 1. While existing training-based and prompt-based approaches face significant challenges in terms of efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yuxuan Yao , Shuqi Liu , Zehua Liu , Qintong Li , Mingyang Liu , Xiongwei Han , Zhijiang Guo , Han Wu , Linqi Song

Averaging neural network parameters is an intuitive method for fusing the knowledge of two independent models. It is most prominently used in federated learning. If models are averaged at the end of training, this can only lead to a good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Linara Adilova , Maksym Andriushchenko , Michael Kamp , Asja Fischer , Martin Jaggi

Fine-tuning pre-trained models on targeted datasets enhances task-specific performance but often comes at the expense of generalization. Model merging techniques, which integrate multiple fine-tuned models into a single multi-task model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zitao Fang , Guodong DU , Shuyang Yu , Yifei Guo , Yiwei Zhang , Yiyao Cao , Jing Li , Ho-Kin Tang , Sim Kuan Goh

In this paper, we present a novel data-free method for merging neural networks in weight space. Differently from most existing works, our method optimizes for the permutations of network neurons globally across all layers. This allows us to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Donato Crisostomi , Marco Fumero , Daniele Baieri , Florian Bernard , Emanuele Rodolà

External memory systems are pivotal for enabling Large Language Model (LLM) agents to maintain persistent knowledge and perform long-horizon decision-making. Existing paradigms typically follow a two-stage process: computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xiucheng Xu , Bingbing Xu , Xueyun Tian , Zihe Huang , Rongxin Chen , Yunfan Li , Huawei Shen

Large-scale deep learning models with a pretraining-finetuning paradigm have led to a surge of numerous task-specific models fine-tuned from a common pre-trained model. Recently, several research efforts have been made on merging these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yeoreum Lee , Jinwook Jung , Sungyong Baik

Model merging has emerged as a crucial technique in Deep Learning, enabling the integration of multiple models into a unified system while preserving perfor-mance and scalability. In this respect, the compositional properties of low-rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Riccardo Salami , Pietro Buzzega , Matteo Mosconi , Jacopo Bonato , Luigi Sabetta , Simone Calderara