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Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are increasingly applied to scientific research, yet it remains unclear whether they can reliably understand and reason over the multimodal complexity of papers. A central challenge lies in detecting and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lukas Selch , Yufang Hou , M. Jehanzeb Mirza , Sivan Doveh , James Glass , Rogerio Feris , Wei Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to encode clinical knowledge. Many evaluations, however, rely on structured question-answer benchmarks, overlooking critical challenges of interpreting and reasoning about unstructured clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Meghal Dani , Muthu Jeyanthi Prakash , Filip Rosa , Zeynep Akata , Stefanie Liebe

Omni-modal large language models (OLMs) redefine human-machine interaction by natively integrating audio, vision, and text. However, existing OLM benchmarks remain anchored to static, accuracy-centric tasks, leaving a critical gap in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Tianyu Xie , Jinfa Huang , Yuexiao Ma , Rongfang Luo , Yan Yang , Wang Chen , Yuhui Zeng , Ruize Fang , Yixuan Zou , Xiawu Zheng , Jiebo Luo , Rongrong Ji

The integration of tools has extended the capabilities of language models (LMs) beyond vanilla text generation to versatile scenarios. However, tool-augmented language models (TaLMs) often assume 'perfect' information access and tool…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Eduardo Treviño , Hugo Contant , James Ngai , Graham Neubig , Zora Zhiruo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as general-purpose reasoners, particularly in agentic contexts. However, their outputs remain prone to mathematical and logical errors. This is especially challenging in open-ended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Agnieszka Mensfelt , Kostas Stathis , Vince Trencsenyi

Although text-to-audio generation has made remarkable progress in realism and diversity, the development of evaluation metrics has not kept pace. Widely-adopted approaches, typically based on embedding similarity like CLAPScore, effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Chun-Yi Kuan , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Audio-aware large language models (ALLMs) have recently made great strides in understanding and processing audio inputs. These models are typically adapted from text-based large language models (LLMs) through additional training on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Chun-Yi Kuan , Hung-yi Lee

When audio and text conflict, speech-enabled language models follow text far more often than they do when arbitrating between two conflicting text sources, even under explicit instructions to trust the audio. We introduce ALME (Audio-LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jayadev Billa

Limited diversity in standardized benchmarks for evaluating audio representation learning (ARL) methods may hinder systematic comparison of current methods' capabilities. We present ARCH, a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating ARL methods…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Moreno La Quatra , Alkis Koudounas , Lorenzo Vaiani , Elena Baralis , Luca Cagliero , Paolo Garza , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi

This paper investigates adapting Audio Large Language Models (ALLMs) for speaker verification (SV). We reformulate SV as an audio question-answering task and conduct comprehensive zero-shot evaluations on public benchmarks, showing that…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yiming Ren , Xuenan Xu , Baoxiang Li , Shuai Wang , Chao Zhang

Recent math benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) such as MathArena indicate that state-of-the-art reasoning models achieve impressive performance on mathematical competitions like AIME, with the leading model, Gemini-2.5-Pro,…

Safety alignment in Language Models (LMs) is fundamental for trustworthy AI. However, while different stakeholders are trying to leverage Arabic Language Models (ALMs), systematic safety evaluation of ALMs remains largely underexplored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Omar Abdelnasser , Fatemah Alharbi , Khaled Khasawneh , Ihsen Alouani , Mohammed E. Fouda

Audio large language models (Audio LLMs) demonstrate strong performance on speech understanding tasks, yet their ability to understand paralinguistic information remains limited. To systematically quantify this issue, we introduce…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiacheng Pang , Ashutosh Chaubey , Mohammad Soleymani

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, yet their robustness against malicious audio injection attacks remains underexplored. This study systematically evaluates five leading LALMs across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Guanyu Hou , Jiaming He , Yinhang Zhou , Ji Guo , Yitong Qiao , Rui Zhang , Wenbo Jiang

Existing large language model (LLM) evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on English, while current multilingual tasks lack parallel questions that specifically assess cross-linguistic reasoning abilities. This dual limitation makes it…

This white paper presents our work on SurveyLM, a platform for analyzing augmented language models' (ALMs) emergent alignment behaviors through their dynamically evolving attitude and value perspectives in complex social contexts. Social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Steve J. Bickley , Ho Fai Chan , Bang Dao , Benno Torgler , Son Tran

While existing benchmarks probe the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) across diverse domains, they predominantly assess passive reasoning, providing models with all the information needed to reach a solution. By contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhanke Zhou , Xiao Feng , Zhaocheng Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Sanmi Koyejo , Bo Han

Despite strong performance in audio perception tasks, large audio-language models (AudioLLMs) remain opaque to interpretation. A major factor behind this lack of interpretability is that individual neurons in these models frequently…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Townim Faisal Chowdhury , Ta Duc Huy , Siqi Pan , Jeremy Stoddard , Zhibin Liao

Medical large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance on standardized benchmarks, yet these evaluations fail to capture the complexity of real clinical encounters where patients exhibit memory gaps, limited health literacy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sina Mansouri , Mohit Marvania , Vibhavari Ashok Shihorkar , Han Ngoc Tran , Kazhal Shafiei , Mehrdad Fazli , Yikuan Li , Ziwei Zhu

Conversational human-likeness plays a central role in human-AI interaction, yet it has remained difficult to define, measure, and optimize. As a result, improvements in human-like behavior are largely driven by scale or broad supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Masum Hasan , Junjie Zhao , Ehsan Hoque