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The interpretability of machine learning models has been an essential area of research for the safe deployment of machine learning systems. One particular approach is to attribute model decisions to high-level concepts that humans can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Varsha Pendyala , Jihye Choi

Interpreting neural network decisions and the information learned in intermediate layers is still a challenge due to the opaque internal state and shared non-linear interactions. Although (Kim et al, 2017) proposed to interpret intermediate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Rahul Soni , Naresh Shah , Chua Tat Seng , Jimmy D. Moore

Understanding complex machine learning models such as deep neural networks with explanations is crucial in various applications. Many explanations stem from the model perspective, and may not necessarily effectively communicate why the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Chih-Kuan Yeh , Been Kim , Pradeep Ravikumar

In explainable AI, Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs) are typically obtained by training linear classifier probes to detect human-understandable concepts as directions in the activation space of deep neural networks. It is widely assumed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Jacob Lysnæs-Larsen , Marte Eggen , Inga Strümke

Deep learning models are complex due to their size, structure, and inherent randomness in training procedures. Additional complexity arises from the selection of datasets and inductive biases. Addressing these challenges for explainability,…

Humans use abstract concepts for understanding instead of hard features. Recent interpretability research has focused on human-centered concept explanations of neural networks. Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs) estimate a model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Avani Gupta , Saurabh Saini , P J Narayanan

Concept-based explanations permit to understand the predictions of a deep neural network (DNN) through the lens of concepts specified by users. Existing methods assume that the examples illustrating a concept are mapped in a fixed direction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Jonathan Crabbé , Mihaela van der Schaar

Image Classification and Video Action Recognition are perhaps the two most foundational tasks in computer vision. Consequently, explaining the inner workings of trained deep neural networks is of prime importance. While numerous efforts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Avinab Saha , Shashank Gupta , Sravan Kumar Ankireddy , Karl Chahine , Joydeep Ghosh

Traditional deep learning interpretability methods which are suitable for model users cannot explain network behaviors at the global level and are inflexible at providing fine-grained explanations. As a solution, concept-based explanations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Jinbin Huang , Aditi Mishra , Bum Chul Kwon , Chris Bryan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are highly effective on a variety of graph-related tasks; however, they lack interpretability and transparency. Current explainability approaches are typically local and treat GNNs as black-boxes. They do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Han Xuanyuan , Pietro Barbiero , Dobrik Georgiev , Lucie Charlotte Magister , Pietro Lió

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are often used for sequential modeling of adverse outcomes in electronic health records (EHRs) due to their ability to encode past clinical states. These deep, recurrent architectures have displayed…

We evaluate whether features extracted from the activation of a deep convolutional network trained in a fully supervised fashion on a large, fixed set of object recognition tasks can be re-purposed to novel generic tasks. Our generic tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-10-08 Jeff Donahue , Yangqing Jia , Oriol Vinyals , Judy Hoffman , Ning Zhang , Eric Tzeng , Trevor Darrell

With the rise of deep neural networks, especially in safety-critical applications, robustness and interpretability are crucial to ensure their trustworthiness. Recent advances in 3D-aware classifiers that map image features to volumetric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nhi Pham , Artur Jesslen , Bernt Schiele , Adam Kortylewski , Jonas Fischer

Deep vision models have achieved remarkable classification performance by leveraging a hierarchical architecture in which human-interpretable concepts emerge through the composition of individual neurons across layers. Given the distributed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dahee Kwon , Sehyun Lee , Jaesik Choi

We present ConceptEvo, a unified interpretation framework for deep neural networks (DNNs) that reveals the inception and evolution of learned concepts during training. Our work addresses a critical gap in DNN interpretation research, as…

Understanding what deep network models capture in their learned representations is a fundamental challenge in computer vision. We present a new methodology to understanding such vision models, the Visual Concept Connectome (VCC), which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Matthew Kowal , Richard P. Wildes , Konstantinos G. Derpanis

While Prover-Verifier Games (PVGs) offer a promising path toward verifiability in nonlinear classification models, they have not yet been applied to complex inputs such as high-dimensional images. Conversely, expressive concept encodings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Berkant Turan , Suhrab Asadulla , David Steinmann , Kristian Kersting , Wolfgang Stammer , Sebastian Pokutta

Interpreting the decision-making process of deep convolutional neural networks remains a central challenge in achieving trustworthy and transparent artificial intelligence. Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, particularly Class Activation Map…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hajar Dekdegue , Moncef Garouani , Josiane Mothe , Jordan Bernigaud

Complex human activity recognition (CHAR) remains a pivotal challenge within ubiquitous computing, especially in the context of smart environments. Existing studies typically require meticulous labeling of both atomic and complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Yuan Sun , Navid Salami Pargoo , Taqiya Ehsan , Zhao Zhang , Jorge Ortiz

This paper presents a novel concept learning framework for enhancing model interpretability and performance in visual classification tasks. Our approach appends an unsupervised explanation generator to the primary classifier network and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Tanmay Garg , Deepika Vemuri , Vineeth N Balasubramanian