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To identify and classify toxic online commentary, the modern tools of data science transform raw text into key features from which either thresholding or learning algorithms can make predictions for monitoring offensive conversations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-05 David Noever

Mental health in children and adolescents has been steadily deteriorating over the past few years. The recent advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers much hope for cost and time efficient scaling of monitoring and intervention, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Isabelle Lorge , Dan W. Joyce , Andrey Kormilitzin

With the recent rise of toxicity in online conversations on social media platforms, using modern machine learning algorithms for toxic comment detection has become a central focus of many online applications. Researchers and companies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Ameya Vaidya , Feng Mai , Yue Ning

Public figures receive a disproportionate amount of abuse on social media, impacting their active participation in public life. Automated systems can identify abuse at scale but labelling training data is expensive, complex and potentially…

Hate speech targeting children on social media is a serious and growing problem, yet current NLP systems struggle to detect it effectively. This gap exists mainly because existing datasets focus on adults, lack age specific labels, miss…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Gautam Siddharth Kashyap , Mohammad Anas Azeez , Rafiq Ali , Zohaib Hasan Siddiqui , Jiechao Gao , Usman Naseem

Toxic comments in online platforms are an unavoidable social issue under the cloak of anonymity. Hate speech detection has been actively done for languages such as English, German, or Italian, where manually labeled corpus has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Jihyung Moon , Won Ik Cho , Junbum Lee

The digital age has expanded social media and online forums, allowing free expression for nearly 45% of the global population. Yet, it has also fueled online harassment, bullying, and harmful behaviors like hate speech and toxic comments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Vuong M. Ngo , Cach N. Dang , Kien V. Nguyen , Mark Roantree

Online conversations can be toxic and subjected to threats, abuse, or harassment. To identify toxic text comments, several deep learning and machine learning models have been proposed throughout the years. However, recent studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Md Azim Khan

This paper introduces a method for detecting inappropriately targeting language in online conversations by integrating crowd and expert annotations with ChatGPT. We focus on English conversation threads from Reddit, examining comments that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Baran Barbarestani , Isa Maks , Piek Vossen

With its features of remix, TikTok is the designated platform for meme-making and dissemination. Creative combinations of video, emoji, and filters allow for an endless stream of memes and trends animated by sound. The platform has focused…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Marloes Geboers , Marcus Bösch

Social media's growing popularity raises concerns around children's online safety. Interactions between minors and adults with predatory intentions is a particularly grave concern. Research into online sexual grooming has often relied on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Darren Cook , Miri Zilka , Heidi DeSandre , Susan Giles , Adrian Weller , Simon Maskell

Despite the valuable social interactions that online media promote, these systems provide space for speech that would be potentially detrimental to different groups of people. The moderation of content imposed by many social media has…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Lucas Henrique Costa de Lima , Julio Reis , Philipe Melo , Fabricio Murai , Fabricio Benevenuto

Infographics are widely used in social media to convey complex information, yet how they influence users' affects remains underexplored due to the scarcity of relevant datasets. To address this gap, we introduce a 3.5k-sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Zihang Fu , Yunchao Wang , Chenyu Huang , Guodao Sun , Ronghua Liang

The proliferation of hate speech and offensive comments on social media has become increasingly prevalent due to user activities. Such comments can have detrimental effects on individuals' psychological well-being and social behavior. While…

Toxic language, such as hate speech, can deter users from participating in online communities and enjoying popular platforms. Previous approaches to detecting toxic language and norm violations have been primarily concerned with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jihyung Moon , Dong-Ho Lee , Hyundong Cho , Woojeong Jin , Chan Young Park , Minwoo Kim , Jonathan May , Jay Pujara , Sungjoon Park

Social media data has become a vital resource for studying mental health, offering real-time insights into thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that traditional methods often miss. Progress in this area has been facilitated by benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Saad Mankarious , Ayah Zirikly , Daniel Wiechmann , Elma Kerz , Edward Kempa , Yu Qiao

Sarcasm is a complex form of figurative language in which the intended meaning contradicts the literal one. Its prevalence in social media and popular culture poses persistent challenges for natural language understanding, sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Aaron Scott , Maike Züfle , Jan Niehues

Harmful content is pervasive on social media, poisoning online communities and negatively impacting participation. A common approach to address this issue is to develop detection models that rely on human annotations. However, the tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Lingyao Li , Lizhou Fan , Shubham Atreja , Libby Hemphill

Toxic comments are the top form of hate and harassment experienced online. While many studies have investigated the types of toxic comments posted online, the effects that such content has on people, and the impact of potential defenses, no…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Deepak Kumar , Jeff Hancock , Kurt Thomas , Zakir Durumeric

Hate speech online targets individuals or groups based on identity attributes and spreads rapidly, posing serious social risks. Memes, which combine images and text, have emerged as a nuanced vehicle for disseminating hate speech, often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rui Xing , Qi Chai , Jie Ma , Jing Tao , Pinghui Wang , Shuming Zhang , Xinping Wang , Hao Wang