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This article examines the subtle relationship between chaos and randomness, two concepts that, although they refer to seemingly unpredictable phenomenon, are based on fundamentally different principles. Chaos manifests in deterministic…
According to quantum mechanics, statements about the future made by sentient beings like us are, in general, neither true nor false; they must satisfy a many-valued logic. I propose that the truth value of such a statement should be…
In this paper we study the interaction between logic and probability. In particular, we show that the convex hull of evaluations of a broad class of logics is always effectively axiomatizable. We define a Birkhoff-style calculus for…
This paper addresses fundamental issues on the nature of the concepts and structures of fuzzy logic, focusing, in particular, on the conceptual and functional differences that exist between probabilistic and possibilistic approaches. A…
Concentration results say that a sequence of random variables becomes progressively concentrated around the mean. Such results are common in the study of functions of random graphs. We introduce a real-valued logic with various aggregate…
In this paper we discuss a general problem on metrical Diophantine approximation associated with a system of linear forms. The main result is a zero-one law that extends one-dimensional results of Cassels and Gallagher. The paper contains a…
A very simple but useful almost sure convergence theorem of probability is given.
We prove that multidimensional diffusions in random environment have a limiting velocity which takes at most two different values. Further, in the two-dimensional case we show that for any direction, the probability to escape to infinity in…
The unification of logic and probability is a long-standing concern in AI, and more generally, in the philosophy of science. In essence, logic provides an easy way to specify properties that must hold in every possible world, and…
We make a probabilistic analysis related to some inference rules which play an important role in nonmonotonic reasoning. In a coherence-based setting, we study the extensions of a probability assessment defined on $n$ conditional events to…
Physicists have, hitherto, mostly adopted a frequentist conception of probability, according to which probability statements apply only to ensembles. It is argued that we should, instead, adopt an epistemic, or Bayesian conception, in which…
Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{B},P)$ be a probability space, $\mathcal{A}\subset\mathcal{B}$ a sub-$\sigma$-field, and $\mu$ a regular conditional distribution for $P$ given $\mathcal{A}$. Necessary and sufficient conditions for $\mu(\omega)(A)$ to…
This contribution derives from a rather extensive study on the foundations of probability. We start by discussing critically the two main models of the random event in Probability Theroy and cast light over a number of incongruities. We…
We demonstrate a novel strong law of large numbers for branching processes, with a simple proof via measure-theoretic manipulations and spine theory. Roughly speaking, any sequence of events that eventually occurs almost surely for the…
We present a first-order logic equipped with an "asymmetric" directed notion of equality, which can be thought of as rewrites between terms, allowing for types to be interpreted as preorders. The logic is equipped with a precise syntactic…
A systematic study is made, for an arbitrary finite relational language with at least one symbol of arity at least 2, of classes of nonrigid finite structures. The well known results that almost all finite structures are rigid and that the…
We study the probability that certain laws are satisfied on infinite groups, focusing on elements sampled by random walks. For several group laws, including the metabelian one, we construct examples of infinite groups for which the law…
We consider the random graph M^n_{\bar{p}} on the set [n], were the probability of {x,y} being an edge is p_{|x-y|}, and \bar{p}=(p_1,p_2,p_3,...) is a series of probabilities. We consider the set of all \bar{q} derived from \bar{p} by…
We produce a probabilistic space from logic, both classical and quantum, which is in addition partially ordered in such a way that entropy is monotone. In particular do we establish the following equation: Quantitative Probability = Logic +…
We study pseudorandomness and pseudorandom generators from the perspective of logical definability. Building on results from ordinary derandomization and finite model theory, we show that it is possible to deterministically construct, in…