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Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of reinforcement learning under multi-agent settings has long remained an open problem. While previous works primarily focus on 2-player games, we consider population games, which model the strategic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Shuyue Hu , Chin-Wing Leung , Ho-fung Leung , Harold Soh

Predator-prey coevolution is commonly thought to result in reciprocal arms races that produce increasingly extreme and complex traits. However, such directional change is not inevitable. Here, we provide evidence for a previously…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-02-18 Aaron P Wagner , Luis Zaman , Ian Dworkin , Charles Ofria

Counterfactual Thinking is a human cognitive ability studied in a wide variety of domains. It captures the process of reasoning about a past event that did not occur, namely what would have happened had this event occurred, or, otherwise,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Luis Moniz Pereira , Francisco C. Santos

Understanding the evolution of human social systems requires flexible formalisms for the emergence of institutions. Although game theory is normally used to model interactions individually, larger spaces of games can be helpful for modeling…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-08-12 Seth Frey , Curtis Atkisson

The emergence of collective cooperation in competitive environments is a well-known phenomenon in biology, economics, and social systems. While most evolutionary game models focus on the evolution of strategies for a fixed game, how…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-01 Onkar Sadekar , Andrea Civilini , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes , Vito Latora , Federico Battiston

Human society and natural environment form a complex giant ecosystem, where human activities not only lead to the change of environmental states, but also react to them. By using collective-risk social dilemma game, some studies have…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-04-24 Linjie Liu , Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki

We study the performance of different methods for processing information, incorporating narrative selection within an evolutionary model. All agents update their beliefs according to Bayes' Rule, but some strategically choose the narrative…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-06 Federico Innocenti , Roberto Rozzi

Wealthy individuals may be less tempted to defect than those with comparatively low payoffs. To take this into consideration, we introduce coevolutionary success-driven multigames in structured populations. While the core game is always the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-10-17 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Recent theories from complexity science argue that complex dynamics are ubiquitous in social and economic systems. These claims emerge from the analysis of individually simple agents whose collective behavior is surprisingly complicated.…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2013-04-19 Seth Frey , Robert L. Goldstone

Iterated games are a fundamental component of economic and evolutionary game theory. They describe situations where two players interact repeatedly and have the possibility to use conditional strategies that depend on the outcome of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-12 Christian Hilbe , Martin A. Nowak , Karl Sigmund

This paper examines the impact of cognitive biases on financial decision-making through a static Bayesian game framework. While traditional economic theory assumes fully rational investors, real-world choices are often shaped by loss…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-05-27 Samiha Tariq

The outcome of many social and economic interactions, such as stock-market transactions, is strongly determined by the predictions that agents make about the behavior of other individuals. Cognitive Hierarchy Theory provides a framework to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-12-04 Carlos Gracia-Lázaro , Luis M. Floría , Yamir Moreno

Human perception, memory and decision-making are impacted by tens of cognitive biases and heuristics that influence our actions and decisions. Despite the pervasiveness of such biases, they are generally not leveraged by today's Artificial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Aditya Gulati , Miguel Angel Lozano , Bruno Lepri , Nuria Oliver

Evolutionary game theory assumes that individuals maximize their benefits when choosing strategies. However, an alternative perspective proposes that individuals seek to maximize the benefits of others. To explore the relationship between…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-16 Chaoqian Wang , Attila Szolnoki

Here we introduce a model in which individuals differ in the rate at which they seek new interactions with others, making rational decisions modeled as general symmetric two-player games. Once a link between two individuals has formed, the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Jorge M. Pacheco , Arne Traulsen , Martin A. Nowak

The dominant theories of rational choice assume logical omniscience. That is, they assume that when facing a decision problem, an agent can perform all relevant computations and determine the truth value of all relevant logical/mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Caspar Oesterheld , Abram Demski , Vincent Conitzer

Do language models make decisions under uncertainty like humans do, and what role does chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning play in the underlying decision process? We introduce an active probabilistic reasoning task that cleanly separates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Gonçalo Guiomar , Elia Torre , Pehuen Moure , Victoria Shavina , Mario Giulianelli , Shih-Chii Liu , Valerio Mante

Deception plays a key role in adversarial or strategic interactions for the purpose of self-defence and survival. This paper introduces a general framework and solution to address deception. Most existing approaches for deception consider…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Bo Wu , Murat Cubuktepe , Suda Bharadwaj , Ufuk Topcu

Given a large population of players, each player has three possible choices between option 1 or 2 or no option. The two options are equally favorable and the population has to reach consensus on one of the two options quickly and in a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Leonardo Stella , Dario Bauso

Motivated by the fact that the same social dilemma can be perceived differently by different players, we here study evolutionary multigames in structured populations. While the core game is the weak prisoner's dilemma, a fraction of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-10-10 Zhen Wang , Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc