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Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated strong performance in audio understanding and generation. Yet, our extensive benchmarking reveals that their behavior is largely generic (e.g., summarizing spoken content) and fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yuwen Wang , Xinyuan Qian , Tian-Hao Zhang , Jiaran Gao , Yuchen Pan , Xin Wang , Zhou Pan , Chen Wei , Yiming Wang

In this work, we address the challenge of encoding speech captured by a microphone array using deep learning techniques with the aim of preserving and accurately reconstructing crucial spatial cues embedded in multi-channel recordings. We…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Zhongweiyang Xu , Yong Xu , Vinay Kothapally , Heming Wang , Muqiao Yang , Dong Yu

Audio is a critical component of multimodal perception, and any truly intelligent system must demonstrate a wide range of auditory capabilities. These capabilities include transcription, classification, retrieval, reasoning, segmentation,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Georg Heigold , Ehsan Variani , Tom Bagby , Cyril Allauzen , Ji Ma , Shankar Kumar , Michael Riley

Neural audio codecs have been widely adopted in audio-generative tasks because their compact and discrete representations are suitable for both large-language-model-style and regression-based generative models. However, most neural codecs…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-05 Yi-Chiao Wu , Dejan Marković , Steven Krenn , Israel D. Gebru , Alexander Richard

Audio Large Language Models (AudioLLMs) have received widespread attention and have significantly improved performance on audio tasks such as conversation, audio understanding, and automatic speech recognition (ASR). Despite these…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yupeng Cao , Haohang Li , Yangyang Yu , Shashidhar Reddy Javaji , Yueru He , Jimin Huang , Qianqian Xie , Fabrizio Dimino , Xiao-yang Liu , K. P. Subbalakshmi , Meikang Qiu , Sophia Ananiadou , Jian-Yun Nie

Thanks to the steady progress of large language models (LLMs), speech encoding algorithms and vocoder structure, recent advancements have enabled generating speech response directly from a user instruction. However, benchmarking the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yixuan Hou , Heyang Liu , Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Multi-modal learning in the audio-language domain has seen significant advancements in recent years. However, audio-language learning faces challenges due to limited and lower-quality data compared to image-language tasks. Existing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-10 David Xu

Current state of the art acoustic models can easily comprise more than 100 million parameters. This growing complexity demands larger training datasets to maintain a decent generalization of the final decision function. An ideal dataset is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-01 Philipp Klumpp , Tomás Arias-Vergara , Paula Andrea Pérez-Toro , Elmar Nöth , Juan Rafael Orozco-Arroyave

The development of video game streaming has grown rapidly, with major platforms such as YouTube and Twitch using different codecs. To support quality assessment models that work consistently across any codec, it is necessary to have access…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Rajesh Sureddi , Shreshth Saini , Avinab Saha , Alan C. Bovik

While there is overall agreement that future technology for organizing, browsing and searching videos hinges on the development of methods for high-level semantic understanding of video, so far no consensus has been reached on the best way…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Du Tran , Maksim Bolonkin , Manohar Paluri , Lorenzo Torresani

Recent advances in audio-text large language models (LLMs) have opened new possibilities for music understanding and generation. However, existing benchmarks are limited in scope, often relying on simplified tasks or multi-choice…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Yinghao Ma , Siyou Li , Juntao Yu , Emmanouil Benetos , Akira Maezawa

Puns represent a typical linguistic phenomenon that exploits polysemy and phonetic ambiguity to generate humour, posing unique challenges for natural language understanding. Within pun research, audio plays a central role in human…

While large audio-language models have advanced open-ended audio understanding, they still fall short of nuanced human-level comprehension. This gap persists largely because current benchmarks, limited by data annotations and evaluation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Yadong Niu , Tianzi Wang , Heinrich Dinkel , Xingwei Sun , Jiahao Zhou , Gang Li , Jizhong Liu , Xunying Liu , Junbo Zhang , Jian Luan

In this article we present an account of the state-of-the-art in acoustic scene classification (ASC), the task of classifying environments from the sounds they produce. Starting from a historical review of previous research in this area, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2015-04-08 Daniele Barchiesi , Dimitrios Giannoulis , Dan Stowell , Mark D. Plumbley

We introduce C3LLM (Conditioned-on-Three-Modalities Large Language Models), a novel framework combining three tasks of video-to-audio, audio-to-text, and text-to-audio together. C3LLM adapts the Large Language Model (LLM) structure as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zixuan Wang , Qinkai Duan , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

LLM context is not just tokens; it is a set of commitments. Long-running conversations accumulate goals, constraints, decisions, preferences, tool results, retrieved evidence, artifacts, and safety boundaries that future responses must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Natalia Trukhina , Vadim Vashkelis

Audio-language models have shown promising results in various sound understanding tasks, yet they remain limited in their ability to reason over the fine-grained semantics of sound. In this paper, we present AudSemThinker, a model whose…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Gijs Wijngaard , Elia Formisano , Michele Esposito , Michel Dumontier

Video-to-audio generation (V2A) is of increasing importance in domains such as film post-production, AR/VR, and sound design, particularly for the creation of Foley sound effects synchronized with on-screen actions. Foley requires…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Satvik Dixit , Koichi Saito , Zhi Zhong , Yuki Mitsufuji , Chris Donahue

Audio-language pretraining holds promise for general-purpose audio understanding, yet remains underexplored compared to its vision counterpart. While vision-language models like CLIP serve as widely adopted foundations, existing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Xuanru Zhou , Mingyue Huo , Yiwen Shao , Hao Zhang , Dong Yu

Neural audio codecs are foundational to speech language models. It is expected to have a low frame rate and decoupled semantic and acoustic information. A lower frame rate codec can reduce the computational cost of speech language models by…

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