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We describe a combinatorial approach for investigating properties of rational numbers. The overall approach rests on structural bijections between rational numbers and familiar combinatorial objects, namely rooted trees. We emphasize that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-01-13 Edinah K. Gnang , Chetan Tonde

The theme of this article is the algebraic combinatorics of leaf-labeled rooted binary trees and forests of such trees. The structure of a Hopf operad is defined on the vector spaces spanned by forests of leaf-labeled, rooted, binary trees.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Frederic Chapoton

We introduce bijections between families of rooted maps with unfixed genus and families of so-called blossoming trees endowed with an arbitrary forward matching of their leaves. We first focus on Eulerian maps with controlled vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-28 Éric Fusy , Emmanuel Guitter

Recent advances in stochastic PDEs, Hopf algebras of typed trees and integral equations have inspired the study of algebraic structures with replicating operations. To understand their algebraic and combinatorial nature, we first use rooted…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-09-21 Xing Gao , Li Guo , Yi Zhang

We present a surprisingly new connection between two well-studied combinatorial classes: rooted connected chord diagrams on one hand, and rooted bridgeless combinatorial maps on the other hand. We describe a bijection between these two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-18 Julien Courtiel , Karen Yeats , Noam Zeilberger

Typed decorated trees are used by Bruned, Hairer and Zambotti to give a description of a renormalisation processon stochastic PDEs. We here study the algebraic structures on these objects: multiple prelie algebrasand related operads…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-04-05 Loïc Foissy

We review the relation between the Hopf algebra QSym of quasi-symmetric functions and the multiple zeta values, and then discuss a commutative diagram involving the Hopf algebra Sym of symmetric functions, the Hopf algebra dual NSym of…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael E. Hoffman

This article presents a unified bijective scheme between planar maps and blossoming trees, where a blossoming tree is defined as a spanning tree of the map decorated with some dangling half-edges that enable to reconstruct its faces. Our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-27 Marie Albenque , Dominique Poulalhon

Arboreal networks are a generalization of rooted trees, defined by keeping the tree-like structure, but dropping the requirement for a single root. Just as the class of cographs is precisely the class of undirected graphs that can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-13 Guillaume E. Scholz

Starting from the data of an arbor, which is a rooted tree with vertices decorated by disjoint sets, we introduce a lattice polytope and a partial order on its lattice points. We give recursive algorithms for various classical invariants of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Frédéric Chapoton

A rooted arborescence of a directed graph is a spanning tree directed towards a particular vertex. A recent work of Chepuri et al. showed that the arborescences of a covering graph of a directed graph G are closely related to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Muchen Ju , Junjie Ni , Kaixin Wang , Yihan Xiao

We build on recent work of Yeats, Courtiel, and others involving connected chord diagrams. We first derive from a Hopf-algebraic foundation a class of tree-like functional equations and prove that they are solved by weighted generating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-07 Lukas Nabergall

The modular decomposition of a symmetric map $\delta\colon X\times X \to \Upsilon$ (or, equivalently, a set of symmetric binary relations, a 2-structure, or an edge-colored undirected graph) is a natural construction to capture key features…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-12 Carmen Bruckmann , Peter F. Stadler , Marc Hellmuth

A non-commutative, planar, Hopf algebra of rooted trees was proposed in L. Foissy, Bull. Sci. Math. 126 (2002) 193-239. In this paper we propose such a non-commutative Hopf algebra for graphs. In order to define a non-commutative product we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-04 G. H. E. Duchamp , L. Foissy , N. Hoang-Nghia , D. Manchon , A. Tanasa

In this paper, we show the image of rooted tree maps themselves forms a subspace of the kernel of the evaluation map of multiple $L$-values. For its proof, we define the diamond product as a modified harmonic product and find its…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-01 Hideki Murahara , Tatsushi Tanaka , Noriko Wakabayashi

We introduce a new matroid (graph) invariant, the arboricity polynomial. Given a matroid, the arboricity polynomial enumerates the number of covers of the ground set by disjoint independent sets. We establish the polynomiality of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-09 Felix Breuer , Caroline J Klivans

The vector space spanned by rooted forests admits two graded bialgebra structures. The first is defined by A. Connes and D. Kreimer using admissible cuts, and the second is defined by D. Calaque, K. Ebrahimi-Fard and the second author using…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-12 Mohamed Belhaj Mohamed , Dominique Manchon

Plane increasing trees are rooted labeled trees embedded into the plane such that the sequence of labels is increasing on any branch starting at the root. Relaxed binary trees are a subclass of unlabeled directed acyclic graphs. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-12 Michael Wallner

The enumeration of maps and the study of uniform random maps have been classical topics of combinatorics and statistical physics ever since the seminal work of Tutte in the sixties. Following the bijective approach initiated by Cori and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-06-29 Guillaume Chapuy , Michel Marcus , Gilles Schaeffer

We introduce two operads which own the set of planar forests as a basis. With its usual product and two other products defined by different types of graftings, the algebra of planar rooted trees H becomes an algebra over these operads. The…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-01-16 Loïc Foissy