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Spatially structured beams have emerged as a promising technology for enhancing spectrum efficiency (SE) in sixth-generation (6G) networks. However, structured beam schemes based on fixed-position antennas (FPAs) fail to fully exploit the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Hongyun Jin , Wenchi Cheng , Jingqing Wang

Extremely large-scale multi-input multi-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology for the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks, thanks to its superior spatial resolution and beamforming gains. In order to realize XL-MIMO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Xuancheng Zhu , Zhiwen Zhou , Zhenjun Dong , Yong Zeng

The stringent requirements of ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) require rethinking of the physical layer transmission techniques. Massive antenna arrays are seen as an enabler of the emerging $5^\text{th}$ generation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-22 Alexandru-Sabin Bana , Marko Angjelichinoski , Elisabeth de Carvalho , Petar Popovski

In conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), static array configurations struggle in dynamic environments, and further antenna scaling is bounded by cost, energy, and footprint. Emerging approaches, which can enable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhe Wang , Jiayi Zhang , Bokai Xu , Wenhui Yi , Emil Björnson , Bo Ai

Extra-large scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) is a key technology for meeting sixth-generation (6G) requirements for high-rate connectivity and uniform quality of service (QoS); however, its deployment is challenged by the prohibitive complexity of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Gabriel Avanzi Ubiali , José Carlos Marinello Filho , Taufik Abrão

An antenna coding approach for exploiting the spatial multiplexing capability of pixel antennas is proposed. This approach can leverage additional degrees of freedom in the beamspace domain to transmit more information streams. Pixel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Zixiang Han , Shanpu Shen , Ross Murch

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (M-MIMO) is a key technology for 5G networks. Within this research area, new types of deployment are arising, such as the extremely-large regime (XL- MIMO), where the antenna array at the base station…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Gabriel Avanzi Ubiali , Taufik Abrão

Deploying antenna arrays with an asymptotically large aperture will be central to achieving the theoretical gains of massive MIMO in beyond-5G systems. Such extra-large MIMO (XL-MIMO) systems experience propagation conditions which are not…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Lucas N. Ribeiro , Stefan Schwarz , Martin Haardt

Extremely large aperture array (ELAA) can significantly enhance beamforming gain and spectral efficiency. Unfortunately, the use of narrower beams for data transmission results in a substantial increase in the cost of beam training. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-30 Yuan Si , Hongkang Yu , Yijian Chen

A novel modular extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) framework is proposed in this paper. We consider a downlink ISAC scenario and exploit the modular array architecture…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-16 Chunwei Meng , Dingyou Ma , Zhaolin Wang , Yuanwei Liu , Zhiqing Wei , Zhiyong Feng

In extremely large-scale multiple input multiple output (XL-MIMO) systems for future sixth-generation (6G) communications, codebook-based beam training stands out as a promising technology to acquire channel state information (CSI). Despite…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Tianyue Zheng , Jieao Zhu , Qiumo Yu , Yongli Yan , Linglong Dai

We propose a technology-independent method, referred to as adjacent connection matrix (ACM), to efficiently map signed weight matrices to non-negative crossbar arrays. When compared to same-hardware-overhead mapping methods, using ACM leads…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Arman Kazemi , Cristobal Alessandri , Alan C. Seabaugh , X. Sharon Hu , Michael Niemier , Siddharth Joshi

The array design problem of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in a line-of-sight (LoS) transmit environment is examined. As uniform array configurations at the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are optimal at specific transmit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-15 Michail Palaiologos , Mario H. Castãneda García , Anastasios Kakkavas , Richard A. Stirling-Gallacher , Giuseppe Caire

In this paper, we propose a distributed flexible coupler antenna (FCA) array to enhance communication performance with low hardware cost. At each FCA, there is one fixed-position active antenna and multiple passive couplers that can move…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xiaodan Shao , Chuangye Shan , Weihua Zhuang , Xuemin Shen

Massive connectivity for extra large-scale multi-input multi-output (XL-MIMO) systems is a challenging issue due to the near-field access channels and the prohibitive cost. In this paper, we propose an uplink grant-free massive access…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Yikun Mei , Zhen Gao , De Mi , Mingyu Zhou , Dezhi Zheng , Michail Matthaiou , Pei Xiao , Robert Schober

In this paper, we propose a new and optimal construction of two-dimensional (2-D) Z-complementary array code set (ZCACS) using multivariable extended Boolean functions (EBFs). The proposed 2-D arrays have many applications in modern…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Abhishek Roy

A location-aware multi-antenna coded caching scheme is proposed for applications with location-dependent data requests, such as wireless immersive experience, where users are immersed in a three-dimensional virtual world. The wireless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Hamidreza Bakhshzad Mahmoodi , MohammadJavad Salehi , Antti Tolli

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology for the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks. By significantly boosting the antenna number or size to at least an order of magnitude…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Haiquan Lu , Yong Zeng , Changsheng You , Yu Han , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Zhenjun Dong , Shi Jin , Cheng-Xiang Wang , Tao Jiang , Xiaohu You , Rui Zhang

In order to meet the demands of `Internet above the clouds', we propose a multiple-antenna aided adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) for aeronautical communications. The proposed ACM scheme switches its coding and modulation mode according…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Jiankang Zhang , Sheng Chen , Robert G. Maunder , Rong Zhang , Lajos Hanzo

Analog beamforming with phased arrays is a promising technique for 5G wireless communication in millimeter wave bands. A beam focuses on a small range of angles of arrival or departure and corresponds to a set of fixed phase shifts across…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-15 Mingming Cai , J. Nicholas Laneman , Bertrand Hochwald