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In recent years, various techniques have been explored for the verification of quantum circuits, including the use of barrier certificates, mathematical tools capable of demonstrating the correctness of such systems. These certificates…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Siwei Hu , Victor Lopata , Sadegh Soudjani , Paolo Zuliani

Intermediate-scale quantum devices are becoming more reliable, and may soon be harnessed to solve useful computational tasks. At the same time, common classical methods used to verify their computational output become intractable due to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Johannes Knörzer , Daniel Malz , J. Ignacio Cirac

The idea of self-testing is to render guarantees concerning the inner workings of a device based on the measurement statistics. It is one of the most formidable quantum certification and benchmarking schemes. Recently it was shown by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-20 Harshank Shrotriya , Kishor Bharti , Leong-Chuan Kwek

We consider the design of self-testers for quantum gates. A self-tester for the gates F_1,...,F_m is a classical procedure that, given any gates G_1,...,G_m, decides with high probability if each G_i is close to F_i. This decision has to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wim van Dam , Frederic Magniez , Michele Mosca , Miklos Santha

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to quantum benchmarking inspired by quantum verification motivating new paradigms of quantum benchmarking. Our proposed benchmark not only serves as a robust indicator of computational capability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-17 Johannes Frank , Elham Kashefi , Dominik Leichtle , Michael de Oliveira

Certification of quantum devices received from unknown providers is a primary requirement before utilizing the devices for any information processing task. Here, we establish a protocol for certification of a particular set of $d$-outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Debarshi Das , Ananda G. Maity , Debashis Saha , A. S. Majumdar

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) reduces the vulnerability to side-channel attacks of standard QKD protocols by removing the need for characterized quantum devices. The higher security guarantees come however, at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-24 Xavier Valcarce , Pavel Sekatski , Elie Gouzien , Alexey Melnikov , Nicolas Sangouard

Randomness is intrinsic to quantum mechanics; the outcome of a measurement on a quantum state is a random variable. This feature has been applied to randomness certification, where one party must decide whether the data they receive is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Liam P. McGuinness

The exploitation of certification tools by end users represents a fundamental aspect of the development of quantum technologies as the hardware scales up beyond the regime of classical simulatability. Certifying quantum networks becomes…

Recent advances in theoretical and experimental quantum computing bring us closer to scalable quantum computing devices. This makes the need for protocols that verify the correct functionality of quantum operations timely and has led to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-26 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Elham Kashefi , Petros Wallden

Device-independent (DI) quantum cryptography aims at providing secure cryptography with minimal trust in, or characterisation of, the underlying quantum devices. A key step in DI protocols is randomness extraction (or privacy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Cameron Foreman , Lluis Masanes

Self-testing is a promising approach to certifying quantum states or measurements. Originally, it relied solely on the outcome statistics of the measurements involved in a device-independent (DI) setup. Extra physical assumptions about the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-14 Gábor Drótos , Károly F. Pál , Abdelmalek Taoutioui , Tamás Vértesi

Detection of entanglement in quantum networks consisting of many parties is one of the important steps towards building quantum communication and computation networks. We consider a scenario where the measurement devices used for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-03 Ivan Šupić , Paul Skrzypczyk , Daniel Cavalcanti

Measurements of quantum systems can be used to generate classical data that is truly unpredictable for every observer. However, this true randomness needs to be discriminated from randomness due to ignorance or lack of control of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-14 Felix Bischof , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Self-testing is the strongest certification procedure that uniquely characterizes the physical system based on the observed statistics, without any knowledge of the inner workings of the devices. The optimal quantum violation of a Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Rajdeep Paul , Sneha Munshi , Alok Kumar Pan

Universal quantum computing relies on high-fidelity entangling operations. Here we demonstrate that four coupled qubits can operate as a quantum gate, where two qubits control the operation on two target qubits (a four-qubit gate). This…

Untrusted node networks initially implemented by measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol are a crucial step on the roadmap of the quantum Internet. Considering extensive QKD implementations of trusted node…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), which is immune to all detector side-channel attacks, is the most promising solution to the security issues in practical quantum key distribution systems. Though several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Zhiyuan Tang , Kejin Wei , Olinka Bedroya , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We present a detailed description of a widely applicable mathematical model for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems implementing the measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocol. The model is tested by comparing its predictions with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-22 Philip Chan , Joshua A. Slater , Itzel Lucio-Martinez , Allison Rubenok , Wolfgang Tittel

Defining quantum dots in semiconductor based heterostructures is an essential step in initializing solid-state qubits. With growing device complexity and increasing number of functional devices required for measurements, a manual approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-13 J. Darulová , S. J. Pauka , N. Wiebe , K. W. Chan , G. C. Gardener , M. J. Manfra , M. C. Cassidy , M. Troyer