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Code optimization is a challenging task requiring a substantial level of expertise from developers. Nonetheless, this level of human capacity is not sufficient considering the rapid evolution of new hardware architectures and software…

This paper introduces a novel code-to-code search technique that enhances the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by including both static and dynamic features as well as utilizing both similar and dissimilar examples during…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Anthony Saieva , Saikat Chakraborty , Gail Kaiser

Code Language Models have been trained to generate accurate solutions, typically with no regard for runtime. On the other hand, previous works that explored execution optimisation have observed corresponding drops in functional correctness.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Leonidas Gee , Milan Gritta , Gerasimos Lampouras , Ignacio Iacobacci

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely adopted for assisting in software development tasks, yet their performance evaluations have narrowly focused on the functional correctness of generated code. Human programmers, however, require…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yun Peng , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Michael Lyu , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo

Providing feedback on programming assignments manually is a tedious, error prone, and time-consuming task. In this paper, we motivate and address the problem of generating feedback on performance aspects in introductory programming…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-09-18 Sumit Gulwani , Ivan Radiček , Florian Zuleger

Training next-generation code generation models requires high-quality datasets, yet existing datasets face difficulty imbalance, format inconsistency, and data quality problems. We address these challenges through systematic data processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zongqian Li , Tengchao Lv , Shaohan Huang , Yixuan Su , Qinzheng Sun , Qiufeng Yin , Ying Xin , Scarlett Li , Lei Cui , Nigel Collier , Furu Wei

CodeLLMs have demonstrated remarkable advancements in software engineering tasks. However, while these models can generate functionally correct code, they often produce code that is inefficient in terms of runtime. This inefficiency is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Chengran Yang , Hong Jin Kang , Jieke Shi , David Lo

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current methods and metrics used to evaluate the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation tasks. With the rapid growth in demand for automated software development,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Liguo Chen , Qi Guo , Hongrui Jia , Zhengran Zeng , Xin Wang , Yijiang Xu , Jian Wu , Yidong Wang , Qing Gao , Jindong Wang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

A major obstacle in reinforcement learning-based sentence generation is the large action space whose size is equal to the vocabulary size of the target-side language. To improve the efficiency of reinforcement learning, we present a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Kazuma Hashimoto , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved code generation and program comprehension, accelerating the evolution of software engineering. Current methods primarily enhance model performance by leveraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Weijie Lyu , Sheng-Jun Huang , Xuan Xia

Large language models have demonstrated great potential to assist programmers in generating code. For such human-AI pair programming scenarios, we empirically demonstrate that while generated code is most often evaluated in terms of their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Victor Dibia , Adam Fourney , Gagan Bansal , Forough Poursabzi-Sangdeh , Han Liu , Saleema Amershi

Recent years have seen the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for code generation. Different from existing work that evaluate the correctness of the code generated by LLMs, we propose to further evaluate its efficiency.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Changan Niu , Ting Zhang , Chuanyi Li , Bin Luo , Vincent Ng

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive results on diverse code-related tasks, benefiting from large-scale training and instruction tuning. However, studies reveal that their grasp of fundamental programming concepts,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xiaoning Ren , Qiang Hu , Wei Ma , Yan Li , Yao Zhang , Lingxiao Jiang , Yinxing Xue

Code generation with large language models (LLMs), often termed vibe coding, is increasingly adopted in production but fails to ensure code quality, particularly in security (e.g., SQL injection vulnerabilities) and maintainability (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Feng Yao , Zilong Wang , Liyuan Liu , Junxia Cui , Li Zhong , Xiaohan Fu , Haohui Mai , Vish Krishnan , Jianfeng Gao , Jingbo Shang

Large Language Models excel at code generation yet struggle with complex programming tasks that demand sophisticated reasoning. To bridge this gap, traditional process supervision relies on learned reward models requiring costly training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhuohao Yu , Weizheng Gu , Yidong Wang , Xingru Jiang , Zhengran Zeng , Jindong Wang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy for finetuning small language models (SLMs) to solve targeted tasks such as math and coding. However, RL algorithms tend to be resource-intensive, taking a significant amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lianghuan Huang , Sagnik Anupam , Insup Lee , Shuo Li , Osbert Bastani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities for code generation. While existing benchmarks evaluate the correctness and efficiency of LLM-generated code, the potential linguistic bias - where code quality varies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Weipeng Jiang , Xuanqi Gao , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Xiaoyu Zhang , Ziyan Lei , Chao Shen

Reinforcement learning (RL) with unit test feedback has enhanced large language models' (LLMs) code generation, but relies on sparse rewards provided only after complete code evaluation, limiting learning efficiency and incremental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Ning Dai , Zheng Wu , Renjie Zheng , Ziyun Wei , Wenlei Shi , Xing Jin , Guanlin Liu , Chen Dun , Liang Huang , Lin Yan

Despite the increase in popularity of language models for code generation, it is still unknown how training on bimodal coding forums affects a model's code generation performance and reliability. We, therefore, collect a dataset of over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Gabriel Orlanski , Seonhye Yang , Michael Healy

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant advancements in reasoning capabilities, performing well on various challenging benchmarks. Techniques like Chain-of-Thought prompting have been introduced to further improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zehui Ling , Deshu Chen , Hongwei Zhang , Yifeng Jiao , Xin Guo , Yuan Cheng