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The rise of multimodal data, integrating text, audio, and visuals, has created new opportunities for studying multimodal tasks such as intent detection. This work investigates the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) and non-LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Ankan Mullick , Saransh Sharma , Abhik Jana , Pawan Goyal

Semantic code search technology allows searching for existing code snippets through natural language, which can greatly improve programming efficiency. Smart contracts, programs that run on the blockchain, have a code reuse rate of more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Chaochen Shi , Yong Xiang , Jiangshan Yu , Longxiang Gao

While automated vulnerability detection techniques have made promising progress in detecting security vulnerabilities, their scalability and applicability remain challenging. The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Avishree Khare , Saikat Dutta , Ziyang Li , Alaia Solko-Breslin , Rajeev Alur , Mayur Naik

New intent discovery aims to uncover novel intent categories from user utterances to expand the set of supported intent classes. It is a critical task for the development and service expansion of a practical dialogue system. Despite its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yuwei Zhang , Haode Zhang , Li-Ming Zhan , Albert Y. S. Lam , Xiao-Ming Wu

Intent Detection and Slot Filling are two pillar tasks in Spoken Natural Language Understanding. Common approaches adopt joint Deep Learning architectures in attention-based recurrent frameworks. In this work, we aim at exploiting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Giuseppe Castellucci , Valentina Bellomaria , Andrea Favalli , Raniero Romagnoli

Smart contracts with external data are crucial for functionality but pose security and reliability concerns. Statistical and quantitative studies on this interaction are scarce. To address this gap, we analyzed 10,500 smart contracts,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yishun Wang , Xiaoqi Li , Shipeng Ye , Lei Xie , Ju Xing

Reentrancy remains one of the most critical classes of vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts, yet widely used detection tools and datasets continue to reflect outdated patterns and obsolete Solidity versions. This paper adopts a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Dalila Ressi , Alvise Spanò , Matteo Rizzo , Lorenzo Benetollo , Sabina Rossi

A spoken language understanding (SLU) system includes two main tasks, slot filling (SF) and intent detection (ID). The joint model for the two tasks is becoming a tendency in SLU. But the bi-directional interrelated connections between the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Haihong E , Peiqing Niu , Zhongfu Chen , Meina Song

Security issues are becoming increasingly significant with the rapid evolution of Non-fungible Tokens (NFTs). As NFTs are traded as digital assets, they have emerged as prime targets for cyber attackers. In the development of NFT smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yuanzheng Niu , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on web-scale corpora inherently absorb toxic patterns from their training data. This leads to toxic degeneration where even innocuous prompts can trigger harmful outputs. This phenomenon poses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Mokshit Surana , Archit Rathod , Akshaj Satishkumar

Smart contracts are computer programs that are executed by a network of mutually distrusting agents, without the need of an external trusted authority. Smart contracts handle and transfer assets of considerable value (in the form of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Amir Kafshdar Goharshady , Yaron Velner

In this paper we determine how multi-layer ensembling improves performance on multilingual intent classification. We develop a novel multi-layer ensembling approach that ensembles both different model initializations and different model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Charles Costello , Ruixi Lin , Vishwas Mruthyunjaya , Bettina Bolla , Charles Jankowski

LLMs are increasingly embedded in everyday decision-making, yet their outputs can encode subtle, unintended behaviours that shape user beliefs and actions. We refer to these covert, goal-directed behaviours as hidden intentions, which may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Devansh Srivastav , David Pape , Lea Schönherr

Granularity and accuracy are two crucial factors for crime event prediction. Within fine-grained event classification, multiple criminal intents may alternately exhibit in preceding sequential events, and progress differently in next. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Kaixi Hu , Lin Li , Qing Xie , Xiaohui Tao , Guandong Xu

Smart contract vulnerabilities have led to billions in losses, yet finding actionable exploits remains challenging. Traditional fuzzers rely on rigid heuristics and struggle with complex attacks, while human auditors are thorough but slow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Arthur Gervais , Liyi Zhou

Detecting the user's intent and finding the corresponding slots among the utterance's words are important tasks in natural language understanding. Their interconnected nature makes their joint modeling a standard part of training such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Momchil Hardalov , Ivan Koychev , Preslav Nakov

Smart contracts are self-executing programs that manage financial transactions on blockchain networks. Developers commonly rely on third-party code libraries to improve both efficiency and security. However, improper use of these libraries…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yishun Wang , Wenkai Li , Xiaoqi Li , Zongwei Li , Lei Xie , Yuqing Zhang

The increasingly complex Web3 ecosystem and decentralized finance (DeFi) landscape demand ever higher levels of technical expertise and financial literacy from participants. The Intent-Centric paradigm in DeFi has thus emerged in response,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zhuoran Pan , Yue Li , Zhi Guan , Jianbin Hu , Zhong Chen

Smart contract vulnerabilities have caused billions in financial losses, raising questions about whether programming language paradigms can reduce security overhead. While imperative languages like Solidity require developers to manually…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Matteo Vaccargiu , Andrea Pinna , Maria Ilaria Lunesu , Giuseppe Destefanis

Context: The IoT system infrastructure platform facility vulnerability attack has become the main battlefield of network security attacks. Most of the traditional vulnerability mining methods rely on vulnerability detection tools to realize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Wen Zhou