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In recent years, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have become a vital research direction in robotics due to their impressive multimodal understanding and generalization capabilities. Despite the progress, their practical deployment is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Wenxuan Song , Jiayi Chen , Pengxiang Ding , Yuxin Huang , Han Zhao , Donglin Wang , Haoang Li

Developing robust and general-purpose manipulation policies represents a fundamental objective in robotics research. While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated promising capabilities for end-to-end robot control, existing…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework that unifies perception, reasoning, and control for robot manipulation by adapting pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) to action prediction. However, VLM-derived…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kyujin Lee , Injae Kim , Jihwan Park , Yejun Ju , Minseok Joo , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models often suffer from performance degradation under distribution shifts, as they struggle to learn generalized behavior representations across varying environments. While existing approaches attempt to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Bing Hu , Zaijing Li , Rui Shao , Junda Chen , April Hua Liu , Wei-Shi Zheng , Liqiang Nie

Large-scale pretraining has made Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models promising foundations for generalist robot manipulation, yet adapting them to downstream tasks remains necessary. However, the common practice of full fine-tuning treats…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinyu Guo , Bin Xie , Wei Chai , Xianchi Deng , Tiancai Wang , Zhengxing Wu , Xingyu Chen

Autoregressive (AR) large audio language models (LALMs) such as Qwen-2.5-Omni have achieved strong performance on audio understanding and interaction, but scaling them remains costly in data and computation, and strictly sequential decoding…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiaming Zhou , Xuxin Cheng , Shiwan Zhao , Yuhang Jia , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Xunliang Cai , Yong Qin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation by leveraging large pretrained vision-language backbones. However, most existing VLAs rely primarily on 2D visual representations,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Shizhe Chen , Paul Pacaud , Cordelia Schmid

Diffusion models (DMs) have revolutionized generative learning. They utilize a diffusion process to encode data into a simple Gaussian distribution. However, encoding a complex, potentially multimodal data distribution into a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yilun Xu , Gabriele Corso , Tommi Jaakkola , Arash Vahdat , Karsten Kreis

In this paper, we introduce a novel kinematics-rich vision-language-action (VLA) task, in which language commands densely encode diverse kinematic attributes (such as direction, trajectory, orientation, and relative displacement) from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Gaoge Han , Zhengqing Gao , Ziwen Li , Jiaxin Huang , Shaoli Huang , Fakhri Karray , Mingming Gong , Tongliang Liu

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) promise fast parallel generation, yet open-source DLLMs still face a severe quality-speed trade-off: accelerating decoding by revealing multiple tokens often causes substantial quality degradation. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Fanqin Zeng , Feng Hong , Geng Yu , Huangjie Zheng , Xiaofeng Cao , Ya Zhang , Bo Han , Yanfeng Wang , Jiangchao Yao

Diffusion large language models (DLLMs) have emerged as an alternative to autoregressive (AR) decoding with appealing efficiency and modeling properties, yet their implications for agentic multi-step decision making remain underexplored. We…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models aim to unify perception, language understanding, and action generation, offering strong cross-task and cross-scene generalization with broad impact on embodied AI. However, current VLA models often lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Angen Ye , Zeyu Zhang , Boyuan Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Dapeng Zhang , Zheng Zhu

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have significantly advanced robotic manipulation by integrating vision-language models (VLMs), and action decoders into a unified architecture. However, their deployment on resource-constrained edge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jiahong Chen , Jing Wang , Long Chen , Chuwei Cai , Jinghui Lu

Achieving human-like dexterous manipulation remains a major challenge for general-purpose robots. While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show potential in learning skills from demonstrations, their scalability is limited by scarce…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yu Cui , Yujian Zhang , Lina Tao , Yang Li , Xinyu Yi , Zhibin Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for robotic manipulation. Despite substantial progress enabled by large-scale pretraining and supervised fine-tuning (SFT), these models face two fundamental…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models hold promise as generalist robotics solutions by translating visual and linguistic inputs into robot actions, yet they lack reliability due to their black-box nature and sensitivity to environmental…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hong Lu , Hengxu Li , Prithviraj Singh Shahani , Stephanie Herbers , Matthias Scheutz

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies are typically evaluated as if the user had finished typing or speaking before the robot begins acting. In real deployment, however, users take several seconds to enter a request, leaving the policy idle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Joonha Park , Jiseung Jeong , Taesik Gong

We present \textbf{LLaDA-o}, an effective and length-adaptive omni diffusion model for multimodal understanding and generation. LLaDA-o is built on a Mixture of Diffusion (MoD) framework that decouples discrete masked diffusion for text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zebin You , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Zhou , Chongxuan Li , Ji-Rong Wen

Prior Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are typically trained on teleoperated successful demonstrations, while discarding numerous failed attempts that occur naturally during data collection. However, these failures encode where and how…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable embodied decision-making but rely heavily on imitation learning, leading to compounding errors and poor robustness under distribution shift. Reinforcement learning (RL) can mitigate these issues…