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Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems based on large language models (LLMs) achieve superior performance by leveraging pretrained LLMs as decoders, but their token-by-token generation mechanism leads to inference latency that grows…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wenjie Tian , Bingshen Mu , Guobin Ma , Xuelong Geng , Zhixian Zhao , Lei Xie

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as a compelling alternative to autoregressive generation, offering parallel generation and improved global coherence. During inference, DLMs generate text by iteratively denoising…

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) offer the potential for parallel token generation, but most open-source MDLMs decode fewer than 5 tokens per model forward pass even with sophisticated sampling strategies, limiting their parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shirui Chen , Jiantao Jiao , Lillian J. Ratliff , Banghua Zhu

Despite recent progress, reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning of diffusion models often struggles with generalization, composability, and robustness against reward hacking. Recent studies have explored prompt refinement as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Suhyeon Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in image and video generation. However, their inherently multiple step inference process imposes substantial computational overhead, hindering real-world deployment. Accelerating diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jiajun jiao , Haowei Zhu , Puyuan Yang , Jianghui Wang , Ji Liu , Ziqiong Liu , Dong Li , Yuejian Fang , Junhai Yong , Bin Wang , Emad Barsoum

Diffusion language models generate text through iterative refinement, a process that is often computationally inefficient because many tokens reach stability long before the final denoising step. We introduce a training-free, token-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zahar Kohut , Severyn Shykula , Dmytro Khamula , Mykola Vysotskyi , Taras Rumezhak , Volodymyr Karpiv

Autoregressive models (ARMs) are hindered by slow sequential inference. While masked diffusion models (MDMs) offer a parallel alternative, they suffer from critical drawbacks: high computational overhead from precluding Key-Value (KV)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Chongxuan Li

Diffusion (Large) Language Models (dLLMs) now match the downstream performance of their autoregressive counterparts on many tasks, while holding the promise of being more efficient during inference. One critical design aspect of dLLMs is…

We propose TraceRL, a trajectory-aware reinforcement learning framework for diffusion language models (DLMs) that incorporates preferred inference trajectory into post-training, and is applicable across different architectures. Equipped…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yinjie Wang , Ling Yang , Bowen Li , Ye Tian , Ke Shen , Mengdi Wang

Although diffusion language models (DLMs) are evolving quickly, many recent models converge on a set of shared components. These components, however, are distributed across ad-hoc research codebases or lack transparent implementations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhanhui Zhou , Lingjie Chen , Hanghang Tong , Dawn Song

Recently, Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) have offered high throughput and effective sequential reasoning, making them a competitive alternative to autoregressive LLMs (ALLMs). However, parallel decoding, which enables simultaneous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Qiguang Chen , Hanjing Li , Libo Qin , Dengyun Peng , Jinhao Liu , Jiangyi Wang , Chengyue Wu , Xie Chen , Yantao Du , Wanxiang Che

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a promising alternative for language modeling by enabling parallel decoding through iterative refinement. However, most DLMs rely on hard binary masking and discrete token assignments, which hinder the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Linhao Zhong , Linyu Wu , Bozhen Fang , Tianjian Feng , Chenchen Jing , Wen Wang , Jiaheng Zhang , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

We introduce the Diffusion Chain of Lateral Thought (DCoLT), a reasoning framework for diffusion language models. DCoLT treats each intermediate step in the reverse diffusion process as a latent "thinking" action and optimizes the entire…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zemin Huang , Zhiyang Chen , Zijun Wang , Tiancheng Li , Guo-Jun Qi

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) models, offering sub-linear generation latency and bidirectional capabilities that are particularly appealing for code generation and editing.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Michael Hersche , Nicolas Menet , Ronan Tanios , Abbas Rahimi

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have been seen as a promising competitor for autoregressive language models. However, diffusion language models have long been constrained by slow inference. A core challenge is that their non-autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xinyin Ma , Runpeng Yu , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

Diffusion language models (DLMs) offer a structural alternative to autoregressive generation: denoising can update tokens in arbitrary orders or in parallel rather than along a fixed left-to-right chain. In practice, fast DLM decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jeonseong Kim

Discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to traditional autoregressive approaches, offering the flexibility to generate tokens in arbitrary orders and the potential of parallel decoding.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Enshu Liu , Xuefei Ning , Yu Wang , Zinan Lin

Efficiency, as a critical practical challenge for LLM-driven agentic and reasoning systems, is increasingly constrained by the inherent latency of autoregressive (AR) decoding. Speculative decoding mitigates this cost through a draft-verify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Zicong Cheng , Guo-Wei Yang , Jia Li , Zhijie Deng , Meng-Hao Guo , Shi-Min Hu

While most autoregressive LLMs are constrained to one-by-one decoding, diffusion LLMs (dLLMs) have attracted growing interest for their potential to dramatically accelerate inference through parallel decoding. Despite this promise, the…

Diffusion LLMs have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional autoregressive LLMs, offering significant potential for improved runtime efficiency. However, existing diffusion models lack the ability to provably enforce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Tarun Suresh , Debangshu Banerjee , Shubham Ugare , Sasa Misailovic , Gagandeep Singh