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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired, event-driven machine learning algorithms that have been widely recognized in producing ultra-high-energy-efficient hardware. Among existing SNNs, unsupervised SNNs based on synaptic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Mingyuan Meng , Xingyu Yang , Lei Bi , Jinman Kim , Shanlin Xiao , Zhiyi Yu

This review explores the intersection of bio-plausible artificial intelligence in the form of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) with the analog In-Memory Computing (IMC) domain, highlighting their collective potential for low-power edge…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Abhishek Moitra , Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Yuhang Li , Youngeun Kim , Priyadarshini Panda

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) communicate via discrete spikes in time rather than continuous activations. Their event-driven nature offers advantages for temporal processing and energy efficiency on resource-constrained hardware, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Karol C. Jurzec , Tomasz Szydlo , Maciej Wielgosz

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are noted for their brain-like computation and energy efficiency, but their performance lags behind Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in tasks like image classification and object detection due to the limited…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Binghao Ye , Wenjuan Li , Dong Wang , Man Yao , Bing Li , Weiming Hu , Dong Liang , Kun Shang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) exhibit superior energy efficiency but suffer from limited performance. In this paper, we consider SNNs as ensembles of temporal subnetworks that share architectures and weights, and highlight a crucial issue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yongqi Ding , Lin Zuo , Mengmeng Jing , Pei He , Hanpu Deng

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) that operate in an event-driven manner and employ binary spike representation have recently emerged as promising candidates for energy-efficient computing. However, a cost bottleneck arises in obtaining…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Yunpeng Yao , Man Wu , Zheng Chen , Renyuan Zhang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) claim to present many advantages in terms of biological plausibility and energy efficiency compared to standard Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Recent works have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Alberto Marchisio , Giorgio Nanfa , Faiq Khalid , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Maurizio Martina , Muhammad Shafique

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are highly regarded for their energy efficiency, inherent activation sparsity, and suitability for real-time processing in edge devices. However, most current SNN methods adopt architectures resembling…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yesmine Abdennadher , Giovanni Perin , Riccardo Mazzieri , Jacopo Pegoraro , Michele Rossi

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are extensively utilized in brain-inspired computing and neuroscience research. To enhance the speed and energy efficiency of SNNs, several many-core accelerators have been developed. However, maintaining the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Zhuo Chen , De Ma , Xiaofei Jin , Qinghui Xing , Ouwen Jin , Xin Du , Shuibing He , Gang Pan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) provide an energy-efficient way to extract 3D spatio-temporal features. However, existing SNNs still exhibit a significant performance gap compared to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) due to inadequate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuerui Qiu , Peixi Wu , Yaozhi Wen , Shaowei Gu , Yuqi Pan , Xinhao Luo , Bo XU , Guoqi Li

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are energy-efficient neural networks because of their spiking nature. However, as the spike firing rate of SNNs increases, the energy consumption does as well, and thus, the advantage of SNNs diminishes. Here,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Kazuma Suetake , Takuya Ushimaru , Ryuji Saiin , Yoshihide Sawada

Spiking neural networks are neuromorphic systems that emulate certain aspects of biological neurons, offering potential advantages in energy efficiency and speed by for example leveraging sparsity. While CMOS-based electronic SNN hardware…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Ria Talukder , Anas Skalli , Xavier Porte , Simon Thorpe , Daniel Brunner

We present the first theoretical framework for applying spiking neural networks (SNNs) to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometric phase unwrapping. Despite extensive research in both domains, our comprehensive literature review…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Marc Bara

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) can unleash the full power of analog Resistive Random Access Memories (RRAMs) based circuits for low power signal processing. Their inherent computational sparsity naturally results in energy efficiency…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Filippo Moro , E. Esmanhotto , T. Hirtzlin , N. Castellani , A. Trabelsi , T. Dalgaty , G. Molas , F. Andrieu , S. Brivio , S. Spiga , G. Indiveri , M. Payvand , E. Vianello

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by the spiking computation paradigm of the biological neural systems, have exhibited superior energy efficiency in 2D classification tasks over traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs). However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Zikuan Li , Qiaoyun Wu , Jialin Zhang , Kaijun Zhang , Jun Wang

Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has become a growing field in on-device processing for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, capitalizing on AI algorithms that are optimized for their low complexity and energy efficiency. These algorithms…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Asmer Hamid Ali , Mozhgan Navardi , Tinoosh Mohsenin

Artificial neural networks (ANN) have become the mainstream acoustic modeling technique for large vocabulary automatic speech recognition (ASR). A conventional ANN features a multi-layer architecture that requires massive amounts of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Jibin Wu , Emre Yilmaz , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li , Kay Chen Tan

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are artificial computational models that have been inspired by the brain's ability to naturally encode and process information in the time domain. The added temporal dimension is believed to render them more…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-29 S. R. Nandakumar , Irem Boybat , Manuel Le Gallo , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Abu Sebastian , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained attention in recent years due to their ability to handle sparse and event-based data better than regular artificial neural networks (ANNs). Since the structure of SNNs is less suited for typically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-27 Daniel Windhager , Bernhard A. Moser , Michael Lunglmayr

While classical neural networks take a position of a leading method in the machine learning community, spiking neuromorphic systems bring attention and large projects in neuroscience. Spiking neural networks were shown to be able to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-07 Sergei Dytckov , Masoud Daneshtalab